Monday, September 30, 2019

Electronics Human Resources Management (E-Hrm)

Introduction Electronics Human Resources Management (e-HRM) is one of the most critical tools for analyzing businesses for the next step in business strategy. Even the tiny, no more than 30 staff in an office is necessary to explore the advantage of using e-HRM to achieve higher efficiency. Many companies do not understand how much time and cost they are spending on traditional human resource management (HRM) tasks until they brainstorm and try to save their time.E-HR can provides valuable potential for a wide variety of uses including employee self-service, the production of reports, the sharing of information and the administration of functions (Pass, 2002). VHR offers a network-based structure built on partnerships and typically mediated by information technology(IT) to help an organization acquire, develop and deploy intellectual capital(Lepak and Snell,1998). Therefore, e-HRM is evaluating to be its information technology(IT) field .One of the major reason why using e-HRM is tha t global competition is giving more and more stress on managers in United State to increase the speed and the quality of decision making. Moreover, providing more funding in information technology usually result in faster and better management decision making. ( Broderick, R. & Boudreau, J. W. ,1992) More and more senior managers started to use e-HRM to improve the performance in Human Resources .Hussain, Wallace, and Cornelius (2007) discovered that the norm, irrespective of company size can be increased gradually for senior HR professionals implementing the systems of e-HRM and this had led to the HR profession providing a value-add for the company. The main objectives of this paper are to: -Understanding the Electronic Human Resource Management -Types of Electronic Human Resource Management -Theoretical Perspectives -Example of using Electronic Human Resource Management The paper is written as follows.First and foremost, we provide a understanding basic concept of e-HRM ,how it w orks and the uses of computers. Then we will describe the three types of e-HRM and explain the theoretical perspectives with example. Lastly, we recap the conclusion and provide suggestions for organization in the future. After reading this paper, we will see the importance of implementing electronic Human resource information systems. a. Structure of your paper 1. Present the major concepts or real world problems you want to address Understanding Electronic Human Resource ManagementNowadays, the concept of e-HRM is still unclear no meter how senior mangers frequently using them. In fact, e-HRM is the (planning, implementation and) application of information technology for both networking and supporting at least two individual or collective actors in their shared performing of HR activities. (Strohmeier, S. , 2007). The aim of e-HRM is to provide the potential improvement of services to HR department stakeholders. Apart from this, the operating and transferring of computerized HR in formation is also called electronic human resource management.It offers companies to reduces costs and provide more sufficient information to employees in a shorter and more efficient way. Especially in economic downturn, it becomes the key for companies to be more efficient in every section of their business. The majority of the computer applications are to manage employee personal records and payroll. A common payoff to such investments was more efficient information management. Type of Electronic Human Resource Management Three major type of e-HRM like operational, relational and transformational were revealed by Lepak and Snell (1998).Operational e-HRM is involved in supervisory function like employee personal data and payroll. Many Human Resources activities such as pay and benefits service to the Internet are rearranged by many firms in order to achieve higher efficiency (Perrine, 2001). In traditional way, the basic salary, commission, wages, and benefits were recorded and ca lculated by manual writing on paper at a certain time interval. However, the internet offers an instantaneous way for employees obtaining information on separating into salaries, deductions and accumulated balances.The information of Wages, other benefits and salary can be directly achieved by downloading from the payroll, benefits and compensation databases. (Ngai, E. W. T. , Law, C. C. H, Chan, S. C. H. , & Wat, F. K. T. , 2008) Relational e-HRM is focused on supportive business operations. Incidentally, training, recruitment, performance management are examples of under Relational e-HRM.. In recruitment and selection, online recruiting is the trend nowadays. (Bussler and Davis, 2001; Kumar, 2003)The information of the job seekers is stored in the information system.The method of screening out of suitable candidates is no longer by human eyes, but enters the keywords for identifying the basic requirement. Moreover, performance appraisal will not only be evaluated at a period of ti me, but can easily be followed up online by not tracking only one databases such as supervisors, peers, customers or subordinates. (Ngai, E. W. T. , Law, C. C. H, Chan, S. C. H. , & Wat, F. K. T. , 2008)One of the major reasons in using e-HRM is that the use of internet support for the function of training and development. (Kirrane,1990).It can save the time of teacher in recording the a series of lessons once and upload it on the e-Learning for the candidates to learn by themselves. Besides, the reference books can be printed out as a PDF file and uploaded it on the databases system for candidate or researcher further educations. As a results, the education materials like recruiting teachers, reserving rooms for teaching or ordering the books can be reduced gradually. Hence, it can save the cost in training section. On the other hand, it increase the efficiency and effectiveness .Transformational e-HRM is covered the area of HRM activities with a strategic character, for instances, know management, strategic re-orientation. Know management is about organizations using new method to engage the problems of innovation and competitiveness. (Swart and Kinnie, 2003). It is possible to create a change ready workforce through an integrated set of web-based tools that enables the workforce to develop in line with the company’s strategic choices or to have paper-based materials. (Huub and Tanya ,2004) Theoretical PerspectivesWell defined theory can become the critical part in research and development. In this paper, we will discuss them briefly. New institutional theory (DiMaggio and Powell, 1983) provides adequate and developed possibilities to explain the connections of the context and the structure of e-HRM. Transaction cost theory(Williamson,1994) explains the structure and the connection of the economic consequences of e-HRM. In the other words, organization should consider the institutional arrangements according to the cost effectiveness.Example of using Electronic Human Resource Management In cost leadership objectives, cost reduction in different aspects such as reporting, monitoring the status of applications and transaction operation is the main concerned of many senior professionals. In order to reduce the administrative cost effectively and efficiently, computerization can exclude the layers of paper writing and decentralize administrative work. As a result, administrative standardization, accuracy and the controls will also be improved. Conclusion 2.Present the theories and models that you want to use to analyze the concepts or problems based on your real world experiences 3. Analyze the concepts or problems by using these theories and models 4. Present your conclusions Reference Pass, C. (2002),†How one company has embraced e-HR†,HR Focus,Vol. 79,pp. 1-3. Broderick, R. & Boudreau, J. W. (1992) Human resource management, information technology and the competitive edge, Academy of Management Executive, 6(2), 7-17. Lepak,D. P and Snell,S. A. (1998),†Virtual HR:Strategic human resource management in the 21st century†, Human Resource Management Review,Vol. , pp. 215-34 Hussain, Z. , Wallace, J. , & Cornelius, N. E. (2007). The use and impact of human resource information systems on human resource management professionals. Information & Management, 44, 74-89. Strohmeier, S. (2007), Research in e-HRM: Review and implications. Human Resource Management Review, 17, 19-37. Ngai, E. W. T. , Law, C. C. H, Chan, S. C. H. , & Wat, F. K. T. (2008), Importance of the Internet to Human Resource Practitioners in Hong Kong, Personnel Review, 37, 66-84. Huub and Tanya(2004)†E-HRM: Innovation or Irritation.An Explorative Empirical Study in Five Large Companies on Web-based HRM† Kirrane, D. E. (1990),†Machine learning†, Training and Development Journal,Vol. 4, pp. 24-9. Kumar, S. (2003),†Managing human capital supply chain in the internet era†, Industrial Managemen t & Data Systems, Vol. 103, pp. 227-37 Swart, J. and Kinnie, N. (2003),†Sharing knowledge-intensive firms†, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 60-75 Williamson, O. E. (1994). Transaction costs economics and organization theory. In N. Smelser & R. Swedberg (Eds. ), Handbook of Economic

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Poem Comparison Essay

The three poems are written by Wilfred Owen are based on war, and reveal the horrors of war. They are sad, and he uses these poems to express his bad feelings and hatred for war. Despite their similarities, they differ in certain ways as well. For example, Anthem for Doomed Youth is about how nobody is concerned for the dead soldiers and their efforts, Arms and The Boy is about how war transforms people into bloodthirsty monsters, and Futility is about a dead soldier lying in the fields of France. Structurally, Futility and Anthem for Doomed Youth are similar because they are both sonnets. However, they once again differ in that Futility is a more irregular sonnet, written in two verses of seven and seven with a rhyme scheme of ABABCCC DEDEFFF. It is irregular because it has no iambic pentameter, and overall the meter is very inconsistent. It uses half rhymes such as â€Å"once† and â€Å"France†, or â€Å"star† and â€Å"stir†. Anthem for Doomed Youth is more conventional with verses of eight and six, with a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCD EFFEGG. It has iambic Pentameter. Arms and the Boy have three verses of four lines with a half rhyme scheme of AABB CCDD EEFF. It has an iambic rhythm.  Arms and the Boy have a contradictory title because boys and war should not normally go together. Arms and the Boy use a register of terms to make the boy sound horrible, like a monster. It uses words and phrase such as â€Å"Hunger of Blood†, â€Å"Madman’s Flash†, and â€Å"Famishing for Flesh†. These three terms show the monstrosity of the soldiers, and criticises their thirst for killing. He shows us his feelings of hatred and despair towards them. There is also a register of predatory weapons, such as â€Å"teeth, claws, talons, antlers†. This portrays him as an animal in two ways, one is for his savageness in being so determined to kill, but also in that, animals use their bare limbs for killing, and so does he (arms to operate guns and to use bayonets). Anthem for Doomed Youth also has a contradictory title because there is no anthem for the doomed youth, as shown by â€Å"What passing bells for those who die as cattle?† which shows they died without dignity, let alone a funeral or anthem. It describes what should be their funeral, but is not. It shows what they are not getting, but really should be  getting. The second stanza shows an ending for them by using word like goodbyes and â€Å"drawing down of blinds†. The second line is very clever because it reflects Shakespeare’s saying of â€Å"life’s a theatre, and all men and women merely players†. A show ends with drawing down of curtains or blinds, and their lives metaphorically end like that. Futility is about a soldier who is dying in the sun. We are told he is a farmer because of the line â€Å"At home, whispering of fields unsown†. It portrays the sun as a mother, because of the caring words used to describe it such as gently. It portrays the sun as a kind figure that woke up the soldier on a regular basis. On this occasion, it cannot. The sunbeams â€Å"toil† to keep him awake but that still does not work. This is because nature (the sun) cannot interfere with manmade affairs (war). There is snow present, which is a figure of death because it is cold and harsh, opposite of the warm and gentle sun. He is appalled how our limbs â€Å"so dear achieved† can be used as tools as destruction.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

HRD 350 ch #2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HRD 350 ch #2 - Assignment Example The Trade unions have the mandate of conducting strikes against the employers. Strike is considered to be the last option, but when negotiations reaches impasse, strike is taken to be the only bargaining instrument for the workers. The trade unions are divided into industrial and craft unions. Craft union is composed of employees that perform a specific trade like printers, carpenters, and plumbers. In US, the craft unions are represented by various national organisations. In 1930s, various AFL unions that seek a national organization of workers came up with the Committee for Industrial Organization. The CIO organised all the industrial workers working with rubber plants, steel, and automobile. The Membership in trade unions has been on the descending trend since 1950. This has led to a decline in the number of employees found in the mmmanufacturing sector. In 1995, the union membership comprised of 15% of the work force. This is compared with 34.7% that was in 1954 (Harrod,

Friday, September 27, 2019

Reflective Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Reflective Letter - Essay Example I think this is one of the central parts of the revision process. It is possible to write a sentence that is grammatically correct that nonetheless has multiple meanings. Upon the revision process I was able to spot much of the ambiguity and clarify these element. This way the paper flowed more and the argument was stronger. During the revision of this specific paper I also realized areas where the argument could be made stronger. These revision elements were more conceptual in nature as I recognized that things that were previously stated were not as strong as they could have been. This way I was able to add more quotes and background information to strengthen the essay. To a great part my writing in ‘Your Life is Your’ Decision’ also was revised in terms of clarity and conceptual elements. Throughout this essay I recognize there were many elements that I did not make adequately clear. Changing these elements allowed the essay to flow better. Notably with this essay I experimented more with the form of the paragraphs. I came to realize that oftentimes paragraphs can go in a variety of positions and that experimenting with positions allows one to add rhetorical flair and strength to the essay. Another essay that I made revisions to was ‘A Summer Fitness Journey’. I chose this essay to be included in my portfolio as it not only represents a literal summer fitness journey, but also metaphorically attests to my writing journey throughout the course. Many of the changes that were made to this essay were for clarification purposes. In this sense I recognize I wrote the essay with a story in mind and at times did completely understand that the audience didn’t comprehend specific elements. This way during the revision I was able to more thoroughly establish the aspects of the story that weren’t thoroughly explained enough. Another major thing in this essay was the understanding that things emerged I wasn’t

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Police Recruit Applicants Report Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Police Recruit Applicants Report - Term Paper Example All the interviewers gave a varied assessment of the integrity, emotional stability and professionalism. Interviewer A rated her as very good on this aspect, interviewer B concluded that she is good while interviewer C felt convinced that Summerton can only be rated as average on the three aspects. This demonstrates that the applicant can be correctly described as good in terms of professionalism, integrity and emotional stability. Summerton has a good knowledge of laws, regulations, policies and procedures according to the three interviewers. Furthermore, her analytical and reasoning skills are good as rated by two of the three assessors with the other rating her as very good. Summerton is good in community and team relationships except for one assessor who rated her as average. Given the opinion of the majority, Summerton can be described as being a good team player and having good community relationships. The interview also assessed one’s oral and written communication skil ls. On this aspect, Summerton was rated as good by two out of the three interviewers while the other rating her as average. Given the opinion of the interviewers, Summerton can be rightly described as having good communication skills. ... She can also be described as of average personality when it comes to being helpful, sympathetic towards others and cooperation. Despite the above admirable personality traits, Summerton has a low degree of sociability, talkativeness and assertiveness. The information provided by Summerton was authenticated by the referees and employers checks as true. Moreover, she was cleared by the ethical standards division. The second applicant for police recruitment post was a male named Thomas Garrigan. He is aged 27 and has previously worked as a retail assistant for two years and as a nurse for a year. Upon completing his high school, Thomas pursed a degree in Science and a Bachelor in Nursing. He is rated as good in terms of integrity, emotional stability and professionalism. He is also very good in terms of knowledge of laws, regulations, policies and procedures. He has good analytical and reasoning skills according to the majority of interviewers. His written and oral communication skill i s also good and is a good team player. Thomas is physical fit and had high achievement on the beep test. When it comes to major personality traits; Thomas is highly disciplined, result oriented and organized. Thomas is averagely a helpful person, sympathetic to others and cooperative. He also has an average ability of controlling his impulse, anxiety and emotional stability. Furthermore, he can be described as having average socialization skills. He is also averagely an assertive and talkative person. Thomas is not curious to learn new ideas and try new things. He has been influenced by his father who is presently a Senior Sergeant in charge of Morryvale Station. Thomas is a sincere gentleman with all the

Self-Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self-Reflection Paper - Essay Example I was experienced just as much as he and therefore, I expected the company to offer me no less than $65,000. The manager said that he would let me know after consultation with the owner of the company. I agreed. The next day, I received the offer letter via an email that showed that my annual salary would be $60,000. I was disappointed, but since it was a period of financial crisis and there were not many jobs out there, I decided to take a chance if the manager agrees to increase my salary to $65,000 once the probation period of 3 months would be over. I talked to the manager about it and he agreed. I joined the company. From day one, I worked very hard. I wanted to impress the manager and the owner so much with my performance that they would feel obliged to reward me by increasing my salary by the end of the probation period. I started off by studying the organizational culture and identifying loopholes in it, so that the obstacles in the way of organizational progress can be found and eradicated. My focus was on improving the workers’ productivity by facilitating them with everything as part of my duty as the HR Generalist. I was new in the organization and had a spark in me to do something to bring a positive change in the organization. ... He often talked to me and discussed work-related matters with me. One day, he called me and said that he was afraid he might be fired because the branch manager was not very satisfied with his performance. Compared to him, my bosses were very satisfied with me. The productivity of our branch was more than the branch in which my cousin worked. I was very happy and I could almost see my salary being increased by the end of the probation period. Day after day, time passed and we reached the end of the probation period. On the first day of the fourth month of my job, I received an email that read that considering my outstanding performance, I had been made a permanent employee from a temporary employee and that my salary would be $55,000. I was startled to find that my salary had not been increased. What to talk of that the owner had instead decreased my salary. The next day, the first thing I did was ask the manager what was wrong. The manager told me that in order to cope with the fina ncial crisis; the branch manager has decided to cut down the salary of the key staff members. He congratulated me on becoming the permanent employee, but it felt very out of place for the moment. I called my cousin and asked him if his salary had been affected by the company’s efforts to survive through the financial crisis. He said that it had remained the same. When I discussed this issue with the branch manager, he said that the company had a decentralized system and that every branch served liked a distinct company with distinct principles, but I was not convinced anyway. I knew that I had set my foot in the wrong place where people did not care how hard I tried to get there. What was more shocking for me was that the branch manager had broken his

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Object Analysis (Keris from Bali) using Prown's Method Assignment

Object Analysis (Keris from Bali) using Prown's Method - Assignment Example Sandalwood is used in making its cover, and it has a length of 45 cm. It has an approximate width of 3 cm and 3 mm thick. The Ganesh carving on the handle is a symbol of divinity and protection. It has been in the possession of the family for approximately seven decades through inheritance as it is passed on to family members. The Keris is distinct with the pastor pattern on the blade’s surface. The Keris is believed to confer upon the owner so many blessings of good luck and also provide opportunities for wealth increment (Wiener). The Keris are still widely used by the Bali in religious services and wedding ceremonies as they serve specific functions. The Keris weighs approximately 360 grams, sizeable to a knife and is handheld. Its cover is made in such a way that it can be hanged on the waistline. Its handle is rough, and this enables it to be grasped easily. It has motifs on the flat sides of the blade that represents the upcoming change of events of windfall luck and fortune. The Keris was worn daily that also included in special ceremonies. It is considered so valuable and as such it has been passed on from generation to generation and worn by both genders. It has a vast spiritual and mythological development around it (Picard and Madinier). It uses include parade, armaments, tools of magic powers, sanctified heirlooms, fundamental items for soldiers, societal status indicators and a heroism emblem. With current modernisation, the Keris has lost some of its important social and spiritual meaning in the society. Its traditional role has diminished and left craftsmen with little people to continue with the making and supply of Keris. There are several questions that can arise from the Keris. For instance, how did people come to believe in its magical powers? Does it really have evidence of spiritual importance? In my opinion, the Keris presents a beautiful history of Indonesian’s and its protection in

Monday, September 23, 2019

Course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Course work - Essay Example A 360-degree feedback method is a multi rater system where there are many (or, multi) raters for every individual. Each employee is evaluated with the help of feedback from himself, his or her peers, subordinates, the customers and the managers or superiors â€Å"the systematic collection and feedback of performance data on an individual or group, derived from a number of the stakeholders in their performance† (Morgan, Kannan and Cullinane, 2005, p.644). Thus the feedback comes from everyone around the individual and therefore forms a full circle. This shows an evaluation done from multiple perspectives and helps the employee formulate his own targets for self development. Thus, in the 360-degree feedback mechanism the operation is performed with the worker at the center and the motivation is improvement of his or her performance within the organization. Three basic categories of employees can be distinctly identified by this feedback system. Superkeepers are those candidates who exceed the expectation level to a great extent; they are categorized as the best. Then come the Keepers who also exceeds the level of expectation to some extent and lastly the Solid Citizens who just somehow meet the expectation level. (Berger, 2003, p.120) This method in fact serves the crucial means of bringing about personal development and self awareness instead of a straight performance evaluation. In 2002 itself the system was adopted by about 90 percent of the Fortune 500 companies. (Linman, n.d.) Like any other tool the implementation of this process needs to take certain factors into consideration in order to make its implementation fruitful. Any evaluation tool has its pros and cons but what matters ultimately is the final outcome it generates provided all the necessary pre conditions are maintained. The paper argues using logos (logical facts or the truth) and ethos (evidence)

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Why Drinking Age Should Be Lowered by Ruth C. Engs Essay

Why Drinking Age Should Be Lowered by Ruth C. Engs - Essay Example Some points have been presented by the author in his article â€Å"Why drinking age should be lowered: An opinion based upon research, and it is important to scrutinize some of these points to be able to come up with clear picture about the issue being talked about. Ages 18 to 19 must be the legal age for drinking among the young adult and they must be allowed to drink in public establishment or even in some of the officially functions of schools and universities. However, in this manner, young people could be taught through educational programs and is expected to be mature when it comes to drinking behavior. Nevertheless, this is based upon the research of the author in his more than twenty years of involvement in the college of youth and the history of drinking in the United States as well as other cultures. Despite the fact that the age 21 is the legal age to purchase alcohol, irresponsible manner in consuming alcohol is manifested among the young adult below this age. Furthermore, some of the considerations given to the young adult for drinking were, drinking is inviting, manifestations of rebellion from the authority, and a symbol of adulthood. Current law prohibiting drinking below the age of 21 proves to be not working just like all the laws that existed in the past (1850’s and 1920’s), these laws were found to be hard to enforce and repercussions cause social problems just the same as to what had occurred in the past. Prohibitions through laws are not working on the young adult under the age of 21. Considering the existence of the law, there is a bigger percentage of drinkers that is below the age of 21: 32% of the students are heavy drinkers compared to 21 years of age and above which is only 24%. Even before the implementation of the purchase laws in 1987, research shows up to the present the decreased in the drinking and driving related accident and this is because of the education given with regard to drunk driving, increased in seatbelts, and lower speed limits. However, Along with the decrease of the accidents during that time was the increased on the problem related to heavy and irresponsible drinking among the college student’s ages below 21 are manifested such as 46% of drinking student heavily rise to 50%, 9% cutting class after drinking rise to 12%, 26% absentees because of hangover rise to 28%, and the 12% students getting the lower grade rise to 17%. The reason behind the

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Educating the Re-Educated Essay Example for Free

Educating the Re-Educated Essay During China’s Cultural Revolution young intellectuals, who were described as men and women that graduated from high school, were sent to the countryside to be re-educated and learn about hard labor. During their re-education men and women were pushed to their limits to endure hard labor. These men and women were also prohibited to have anything reactionary because it was against their Chairman Mao. In Dai Sijie’s Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress, Luo and Ma, the main characters, are sent to Mountain of the Phoenix of the Sky to be â€Å"re-educated by the poor peasants,† but to their surprise they end up educating the peasants and the daughter of the local tailor, the Little Seamstress. Luo and Ma were two of the young men that were sent to the countryside and learn about labor. Although, these two young men only had a middle school education, it can be argued that their presence at Mountain Phoenix was contrary to their re-education. Instead of Ma and Luo being the students they became the educators and made a big difference in one of the characters life. Luo and Ma served not only as workers, but as educators. Although Luo and Ma only had a middle school education they were sent to re-education because their doctor parents were seen as enemies of the state. During their stay at Phoenix Mountain they befriended Four Eyes who was a young intellectual getting re-educated. Four eyes plays an important role in Luo’s and Ma’s education of the people. Four eyes possess a treasure trove of forbidden reactionary Western novels, which Luo and Ma desired and eventually stole. Ma and Luo stole the novels when Four Eyes was about to leave the mountain, they take the novels with them and fall in love. Another, person that plays an important role in Luo and Ma’s education of the people is the Headman. He sends Ma and Luo on trips to the city to watch movies. Luo and Ma are sent to watch the movies, but have to return and tell the movie to the people of the mountain. One of the most important characters is the Little Chinese Seamstress. Luo and Ma fall in love with her, but Luo stereotypes her and says she is â€Å"not civilized† enough for him. With this being said when Luo and Ma come across Four Eyes books they have the idea of educating the Little Seamstress and teaching her how to read. The books that the boys take from four eyes help them take their mind of where they are and what they are going through, but also help them improve the mentality of the Little Seamstress. The Little Seamstress has lived her whole life in the mountain and doesn’t clearly know what is outside of that area. When the boys read her the stories she imagines a completely different world than the one she is used to. The reader is able to see the impact the novels have on the Seamstress when she starts to make her clothes differently and starts d ressing differently. The Little Seamstress begins to wonder more what is outside of the mountains. She wants to know about other places and different people. When the Headman sends Luo and Ma to the city to watch a movie he does it with an intention of having them fail when they return to explain the movie to the people. To his surprise the boys come back and explain the movie better than anyone and the Headman sends them back every time so they can tell the movie. The boys go so many times that every time they come back they tell the movie better each time. They make the people feel as if they are right their watching the movie. The people become emotional and start crying at times, but that is just a sign that they are entertained by what they are hearing. The way they tell the story helps the people imagine what’s happening and feel the emotion of what’s happening to the characters. The movie telling becomes a way of entertainment for the people it’s a way of getting their minds out of their everyday tasks. The boys help the people think of new and different things every time they tell a movie. The Luo and Ma made a difference in the other people’s lives without realizing that they did anything. They changed the lives of the people listening to their movies and they changed the life of the little Seamstress. They educated the people listening ot their movies in the sense that they opened their mind to new things, to things that are outside of their surroundings. Luo and Ma may not have taught them how to read or how write but they opened their mind to new things. As the Etymology dictionary explains, to educate means to â€Å"bring forth and have a formative effect on the mind.† Luo and Ma made an effect in the people’s minds by telling them stories that they were able to visualize and feel. The biggest person they had an impact on was the Little Seamstress, they left a big effect on her that it made her want to change and become a new person. Without knowing what they did to her, they opened her mind to new things. The stories left her wanting more, in the sense that she wanted to see what’s out in the world without having to read about it. She not only wanted to read about it but wanted to experience it on her own. The knowledge they gave to her is most noticeable in the end of the novel, when she leaves. Without having the intention of making an impact on her mind they realized that they gave her more than just short stories and novels. Readers may argue that Ma and Luo did nothing other than what they were told which was to tell the movie, but Ma and Luo did more than just explain what happened in a movie. Ma and Luo acted out a lot of the scenes and tried to be as explanatory as possible. They even went a step farther and made â€Å"snow† appear in one of their scenes. Even though they acted out the scenes, people may still argue that one cannot educate others from just acting out a movie. It is true Luo and Ma didn’t teach the people any of the basic skills like reading, writing, and math, but they taught them how to visualize and how to explore a new world outside of theirs. Also, people may argue that they did not educate the Little Seamstress, that they only read her novels. Luo and Ma opened up a door to the Little Seamstress that she has never witnessed before. Reading her the novels let her imagine images from the novels that she would have never seen before or thought about. They let her imagine and wonder about new things. The Little Seamstress learned about other people, their lives, and what they think about. To her it was something new and out of the ordinary. Luo and Ma taught the people and the Little Seamstress to imagine and feel new things. They were like parents reading a story to their children before bed. In the end when the Little Seamstress leaves she takes notice that she learned something, but she doesn’t acknowledge she learned because of Ma and Luo. She says, â€Å"She had learnt one thing from Balzac,† in this moment she is acknowledging she learned something and that’s the reason she is leaving. If she had not learned anything she wouldn’t be leaving. The Little Seamstress acknowledgement of learning something goes to show that the Ma and Luo did not only go to Phoenix Mountain to get re-educated, but to educate the re-educated. Without acknowledging that their movie and storytelling would make a difference, the Little Seamstress leaving shows that they did more than just telling stories. They helped the Seamstress gain confidence in her and knowledge, enough to want to leave and explore what is outside of the mountain. As for the people they would tell the movies to they learned that there is more outside their mountain and they learned how to grow their imagination. Luo and Ma were sent to the mountain to gain new knowledge on hard labor, once they were their they did not just learn they taught. Bibliography * Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary. N.p., Jan. 2001. Web. 4 Nov. 2010. * Sijie, Dai. Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress. New York: Anchor Books, 2001. Print. Outline Thesis: * Luo and Ma were sent to Mountain of the Phoenix of the Sky to be â€Å"re-educated by the poor peasants,† but ended up education the some of the peasents especially the little seamstress. Argument: * Describe what happens in the countryside like why the boys were sent their, how they got a hold of the books, how they met little seamstress and how they decided to educate her. * How the books help the boys with educating the seamstress * How the movie telling helps the boys educate the people * They made a difference without realizing they did anything Refutation: * People may argue that they didn’t do anything that all they did was follow orders of watching the movie and how does reading to a young lady educate her? Conclusion: * They educated the people without realizing they opened their eyes and imagination to a new place. It is most convincing that they did anything when the little seamstress leaves and says that what she learned is that a woman’s beauty is a treasure beyond price.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Financial Analysis Of British American Tobacco Plc Finance Essay

Financial Analysis Of British American Tobacco Plc Finance Essay Introduction The purpose of this report is to provide information Interpretation of British American Tobacco plc (BAT) in terms of historical record, comparative financial indicators, and position in the market along with key value drivers for the company and performance indicators. This is done by analysing the information provided in the historical and present financial statements. About British American Tobacco Revenue Analysis British American Tobacco is a public company listed on the London Stock Exchange, which has direct and indirect stakes in several companies together constituting to be the British American Tobacco Group of companies. The group achieved gross turnover of GBP 40,713 million with revenues amounting to GBP 14,208 Million in the year 2009. There are more than 250 brands in their portfolio with Dunhill, Kent, Lucky Strike Paul Mall being their flagship cigarette brands which are together sold in more than 120 countries with total sales constituting 196 Billion cigarette units (Annual Report, 2009). The company follows the accounting cycle starting 1st January of the calendar year ending on 31st December of the same calendar year. The company currently has 95,710 employees on its payrolls. It sold 724 Billion cigarette units in the same year and has production capabilities in 50 cigarette factories based in 41 countries. British American Tobacco is the second largest tobacco company in the world (Excluding China), while it has 6.4% share of the UK market, dominant players being Imperial Tobacco Japan Tobacco International (Nielsen Data, Feb 2010). 74% of BATs sales come from the developing countries emerging economies (Annual Report, 2009). Revenue by Geography BATs largest market lies in Western Europe which accounted for 27.3% of its total revenues in FY 2009. BAT saw an increase of 20.7% from the revenues it had registered in the FY 2008. Asia Pacific accounted for 23% of its total revenues while Americas accounted for 22.2%. Eastern Europe accounted for 11.5% o the total revenues while the highest performed for BAT turns out to be Africa and Middle east which accounted for 22.2% but it saw an increase of 31.2% in terms of revenue over last year. Historical Performance Analysis British American Tobacco was established as a joint venture between the Imperial tobacco group of the United Kingdom the American Tobacco Group of the United States in the year 1902. Subsequently, In the year 1911 the company was listed on the London Stock Exchange. In 1913, the company looked overseas for expansion and entered the Argentinean markets. In the 1920s, British American Tobaccos capitalization had quadrupled since 1902 and sales grew by nearly a factor of 40. In 1923, The Companys worldwide sales had grown to 50 billion cigarettes per year. By 1962, British American Tobaccos capitalization allowed it to move towards diversification. It grew consistently, however, and was achieving turnover at the rate of 15% per annum by 1970. Diversifying and expanding at a rapid pace, British American Tobacco became a well known brand globally. With uncertainty about a long term market in tobacco, steps were taken to reduce BATs dependence on the tobacco industry. In 1986, only half o f its total pre tax profit came from tobacco group which was down from 57% pre tax profit BAT achieved in the year 1985. The 1990s were not a good time of the decade for tobacco sales as companies in the industry faced several lawsuits and litigations. The U.S. courts awarded verdicts which cost the tobacco companies millions of dollars as the consumer claimed tobacco related illness and relatives of smokers who claimed heavy compensation. The company continued with its strategy to take over small to midsized companies as it acquired Canadas dominant tobacco company, Imasco in the year 2000. The company has been consistently achieving Year on Year growth in the range of 8-12% in terms of revenue since 2005. While it has consistently maintained the operating margin percentage in the range of 26%-29% from 2005 to 2009, the Adjusted Diluted earnings per share has been rising from 56.9p in 2000 to 153p in the year 2009 (Annual Report, 2005-2009). Annual Report Analysis The goal of accounting information is to provide economic decision makers with useful information, according to Williams, Haka, Bettne Carcello (2006, p. 670). Financial statements analysis is not just important for the shareholders but various stakeholders as well. The Group has prepared its annual consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as endorsed by the European Union. Some of the highlights of the Annual Report include revenue increase of 10% at constant rates of exchange 17% at current rate, when compared to the financials for the year 2008. Adjusted profits from operations too increased by 10% at constant rates and 20% at current rates. The total benefit of the result amounted to GBP 355 Million, which resulted in adjusted diluted earnings per share grow by 19% to 153 pence. Over the past 5 years, BAT has achieved a compounded annual growth rate of 15% in earnings per share and 19 % in dividends per share. The total shareholder returns over the same 5 year has been 175% compared to the FTSE 100 index which gave 35% returns to the investors. The financial analysis views the group as a strong player in the global tobacco industry. The resilience in achieving profits wealth generation along with geographical diversification has positioned the group as a multi national company with strong fundamentals which makes it more susceptible to face risks and unforeseen events in the future. In the first half of the financial year 2009, Sales volumes had increased by 4% or declined by 2% when the benefit derived from acquisition was excluded. BATs free cash flow remained strong and resilient during the year 2009 and looks set to remain the same in the year 2010 despite volume pressures. Price increases sales improvements continue to offset the volume pressure faced by the company in the broad range of other markets. In the financial year 2009, FFO was 31% of fully adjusted debt which was 3% points higher than the FFO in the year 2008. The reason for the same was marginal decrease in debt along with the increase in earnings due to acquisitions. The absorption of operating cash flow in to discretionary spending has slowed due to the company suspending the offer to buy back shares until further notice given. BAT is likely to generate free cash flows despite various expenses like restructuring dividend payments to the shareholders as it has ample internal liquidity, cash flow characteristics access to capital markets. The liquidity of BAT was supported by a) USD 1.75 Billion revolving credit facility for a five year period which along with the cash balance of USD 1.3 billion exceeded gross debt maturing on June 2010; b) Bond maturities; Bond worth USD 2.5 billion were issued to extend the groups debt portfolio c) Finance accessibilities; It has ready access to credit facilities on offer by the financial institutions; d) Significant cash position in excess of USD 1billion. Based on analysis, BATs profitability margins are on par with its global peers. BAT intends to improve its sales by 2 % year on year by price increases and product mixes. Market share reached by BAT in specific markets determined its profitability. Operating margin in developing countries can be compared with the margins achieved in matured markets as shown by the margin achieved in excess of 30% in regions like Latin America, Africa and Middle East. EBIDTA margins for BAT in the year 2009 figured 36%, has had a significant rise of 2.5% percentage point from 33.5% margin it achieved in 2008 and 32.5% in 2007. One widely accepted method of assessing financial statements is ratio analysis which uses data from balance sheet and income statement to produce interpretation which have financial meaning to it. Assessment of the financial health of a business is quick and relatively simple when information is derived using the relevant financial ratios. Ratio Analysis A ratio is a simple mathematical expression of the relationship of one item to another, according to Williams, Haka, Bettner, and Carcello (2005, p. 674). Ratios can provide diverse information to diverse financial information users. The analysis of annual report suggests the following ratio analysis of the group. The relevant ratios have been grouped and presented in this paper under various heads. Profitability Assessment: Operating Margin: BAT achieved an operating margin of 31.12% in the year 2009 mainly due to savings it achieved in supply chain, general overheads and indirect costs. The impact of higher leaf prices and input costs were offset due to these savings. It allowed the overall operating margin to increase from 30.7% to 31.4% in the year which was much greater than the industry and sector average of 22.01% and 10.10% respectively. BAT also, had much better margins when compared to Japan tobacco which could achieve operating margin of 4.76%. Return on Equity: BAT has been a fundamentally sound company demonstrating consistency in giving return on equity to its shareholders. In the FY 2009, BATs Return on Equity was standing at 37.05% which was considerably higher than the industry and sector average of 11.57% and 8.01% respectively. While Japan Tobacco could manage to achieve little less than 10% Return on Equity, BAT has been since the past able to maintain consistent returns. In the past four years starting 2005 2008, BAT gave returns of 26.12%, 27.70%, 28.95% 30.44% respectively. These numbers give confidence to investors and allow BAT to be looked upon as a good company to place ones bet on. Return on Capital Employed (ROCE): Corporate Profitability can be determined by assessing the trading profit that the company has achieved over the capital employed by it to achieve the same. BAT achieved an ROCE of 20.82% in the FY 2009 which is slightly better than the Industry average and sector average. BAT fared approximately twice as better when compared to Japan Tobacco. Asset Utilisation: Asset Turnover: BAT was able to main asset utilisation which was on par with the industry average. The industry average for the FY 2009 was 0.58, while BAT registered an asset utlisation ratio of 0.73. The company is expected to register even better numbers in the near future as FY 2009 saw some acquisitions which resulted in BATs performance on par with the market in terms of making its asset sweat. Closure of the Soeborg factory in Denmark, Downsizing of manufacturing plant in Australia and impairment charges for certain software assets resulted in these assets having minimum and limited future economic benefit. But with consolidation resulting in greater savings and better utlisation of the assets of the companies acquired in the emerging markets, the asset turnover ratio is expected to fare better in the next financial year. Interest Cover: BATs interest cover remains steady at 8.6x in the FY 2009 compared to 8.5x which was reported in the FY 2008. It was offset as a result of the financial arrangements carried out for the acquisitions. Pre-Tax impact on adjusting item distorts the interest cover. Risk Tolerance By analysing the financial statements, BATs policy seems to be moderate as it focuses on maintaining EBIDTA coverage of gross interest payments between 5x and 9x at the same time maintaining cash balance exceeding USD 1 billion and five year maturity on its debt profile. BAT needs to strike a fine balance between acquisitions and share buy backs to avoid over stretching its debt capacity over a short time frame due its commitments to a 65% annual dividend payout ratio. In the year 2008, BAT reduced its annual buy back commitment from USD 750 Million to USD 400 Million to accommodate acquisitions. BAT also suspended its buy back program in 2009 until further notice. Cash Flow Adequacy Growing profitability would benefit the companies debt protection metrics to a greater extent. Strong conversion of profits into cash supports BATs financial metrics. The groups future working capital requirements will remain stable in proportion to its annual sales unless there are any significant large scale acquisitions. BATs capital expenditure of its net operating cash flows is very low when compared with the averages in food, beverage tobacco industries. In the year 2009, BATs capital expenditure accounted for 15%-20% of net operating cash flows. BATs future capital expenditure is most likely to grow giving the compounded annual growth rate of the company along with the industry. Key Performance Indicators The key performance indicators for BAT has been its consistent ability to maintain growth in its core competency. Revenue for the FY 2009 grew by 17% which is 3 4 per annum greater than the target growing revenue for the medium and long term. This was possible due to acquisitions it made and favourable exchange rate movements. One of the key strengths of the company in terms of its performance is its diversified global drive brands which constitute majority of the sales for the company. Though growth of 16% was achieved in the FY 2008 in this segment, FY 2009 volumes grew by 4% which is coherent with the companys strategy to achieved single digit growth over the long run. The adjust profit from operations achieved by the firm was well above the company target to achieve 6% profit from operations. BAT registered a growth of 20%. The net cash from operating activities in the FY 2009 was up by  £26 million to  £ 2630 million. Free cash flow per share increased by 2%, the ratio of free cash flow to adjusted diluted earnings was 86%. Adjusted Earnings Per Share (EPS) had grown at an average of 11% over the last ten years. This exceeds the companys target of growing at a single digit figure per annum on an average. Adjusted diluted EPS grew by 19% in the year 2009. S.W.O.T. Analysis Strengths: Diversified Global Brand Drive (GBD) portfolio One of the keys strengths of the group is its diversified portfolio of cigarette brands. In the FY 2009, overall volume of the GBD grew by 4%. Emerging Economies Currently, 74% of BATs revenues come from the emerging economies. Enhanced Internal Operations BAT saved GBP 239 Million in the FY 2009 by improving its supply chain, overheads and indirect costs. Weaknesses: Legal Issues Recoupment actions and Class actions are filed against the company and its subsidiaries which in turn impacts not only the brand image but also its cost structure. Poor Asset Utlization The companys Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) has been poor when compared to its competitors. Philip Morris International and Altria Group recorded an ROA of 29.7% and 20% respectively with BAT recorded an ROA of 15.1% only. Similarly, ROE for BAT was lower than Philip Morris International which recorded 99.2% while BAT could achieve 40.6% only. Opportunities Acquisitions BAT completed an acquisition of a Turkish state owned tobacco company in the year 2008 which elevated its market share from 7% to 36%. In the same year, BAT Bought Skandinavisk Tobakskompagni (ST) which allowed it to increase annual sales of approximately 30,000 million cigarettes. Recently BAT acquired PT Bentoel Internasional Investama, Indonesias fourth largest cigarette maker which had sales of around 250 million cigarettes a year. These acquisitions would increase the global presence of BAT across the globe and in turn enhance its topline and profitability. Growth of Tobacco Industry The tobacco industry is forecasted to witness growth. It is estimated that there would be 1.3 billion smokers in the world by 2020 up from 1.3 billion currently. According to the Datamonitor estimates, the global tobacco market generated total revenues of $429.3 billion in 2009, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.1% for the period spanning 2005-2009. Cigarette sales generated total revenues of $394.2 billion in the FY 2009, equivalent to 91.8% of the markets overall value. The global tobacco market is forecasted to have a value of $490.2 billion, an increase of 14.2% since 2009. BAT is the second-largest global cigarette player. It tends to benefit from this positive outlook. Threats Illicit Trade Illicit trade is estimated up to 660 million cigarettes a year which represents 12% of world cigarette consumption. This results in losses upto GBP 4 Billion to GBP 7 billion a year. Increase in illicit trade would reduce revenues of the company. Advertising restrictions Brand Building, advertising and promotion are facing hindrances globally. The absence of marketing would effect introduction and promotion of new products in the markets. It could have a negative impact on BATs sales. Consumer focus and awareness on health issues Increasing health consciousness and introduction of substitutes to cigarettes into the market has led to decline of sales for the company. Pharma products and nicotine replacement patches along with chewing gums are the new source of harmless alternatives. What makes British American Tobacco work? The year 2009 was a challenging year for the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) segment. Total market volumes declined by 2% for the BAT products. The overall performance for BAT was firm . It continued to invest in its marketing initiatives which resulted in it maintaining its market share in key markets. The Global Drive brands (GDB) grew by combined 4% in terms of volume. These accounted for 27% of the global volume sales for BAT. The overall brand mix for BAT is balanced between premium, mid-price low-price. Managing business to business relationships makes up for a large part of BATs trade marketing activities. BAT co-ordinate its business with its trading partners to ensure that it is able to meet the demands of the customer at the right place and at the right time. This has worked out well for the company as it helps it maintain the market share in a highly competitive tobacco industry. Understanding customer and their needs is of the core non financial activities of BAT. BAT regularly surveys their customer base internationally against its peers in the FMCG industry and particularly against its competitiors in the tobacco industry. Their efforts made them be recognised as the leading business in the tobacco category for customer relationship management by Dow Jones sustainability index for the third successive year in 2009. Apart from its own marketing initiatives, BAT makes efforts to develop marketing programmes jointly with its retail partners, who engage with consumers in market channels like Global Travel Retail and Global Convenience Retail. For BAT, the Direct Store Sales in the most preferred way of selling cigarettes to customers. It fecilitates greater access to consumer information and market. It has also helped them with a direct commericla link to their most strategic retail accounts. In the FY 2009, total sales volumes distributed through DSS reached 50%. Integrated Global Enterprise Apart from the key revenue generators for the company, BAT has been able to achieve growth by savings. BAT was successful in turning a multinational business operations in over 180 markets into an integrated global enterprise which take better advantage of its scale. It led to savings in supply chain, overheads and indirect costs amounting to  £239 million. The company has a target achieve  £800 million savings by 2012.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Sex Education Essay -- Sex Pregnancy School Teaching Essays

Sex Education Two drastic Emergency Room cases were handled in 1998 at Mary Washington Hospital. Concerned mothers brought their 12 year old daughters into the hospital thinking they were suffering from severe stomach pain or even appendicitis†¦both girls were actually in labor (Abstinence, 2002). The United States has the highest teen pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates in the Western world (Planned Parenthood, 2003). Are teens getting enough knowledge on sex and how to prevent STDs and unwanted pregnancies? Another heartbreaking statistic is that teenagers have the highest rate of STDs of any age group, with one in four young people contracting an STD by the age of 21 (Sex-Ed Work, 2003). Is sex education really working in school? Or do we need to change the type of curricula that is taught? There is no question that sex education should be taught in schools, but the question is how? The purpose of this paper is to determine which curricula of sex education should be taught in schoo ls to be most effective in lowering STD and pregnancy rates among teenagers. The first type of curricula is abstinence-only. Abstinence-only based curricula is taught to more than 50 percent of students worldwide (Sex in Review, 2003). Abstinence programs teach teens how to say no. It does not teach them about STDs and how to protect themselves, therefore keeping them in the dark about sex. This type of curricula typically uses fear and shame to encourage premarital abstinence. It usually provides a distorted view of sex and can lead to sexual anxiety. Students are taught misinformation and lies; You will learn that sex is horrible unless it takes place in a monogamous marriage. President Bush asked Congress for a thirty-three per... ....) Retrieved April 23, 2003 from http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/factsheet/fssexcur.htm I used this website for studies showing how comprehensive based programs are proven effective in lowering STD’s and unwanted pregnancies. Sex education in schools. (n.d.) Retrieved April 8, 2003 from http://www.plannedparenthood.org/vox/sexedschool.html I used this to show how Congress is asking for a raise in abstinence programs when those types of programs haven’t even been proven to help teens. Zwillich, Todd. (1994). Parents Want More Comprehensive Sex Education in Schools. Retrieved April 23, 2003 from http://wwwbiology.ucsd.edu/classes/bild36.FA00/extra_html/sexand_school.html I used this to show what type of education parents would like their children to have in schools today to help the sexual transmitted disease rates decline.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Web Page Creation Report :: Computer Science

Web Page Creation Report In order to create my web pages, I used a program called FrontPage Express. This allowed me to create web pages without learning the language they are written in, HTML. To start with, I created a new directory for the website to go in to. I did this by clicking on File>New>Folder. I then renamed the folder just created to Computerstore. Into that folder, I created five more folders, and renamed them Images, INP, OUT, MPU and STO. These were for the four different sections of products and for the images. My next task was to create the index page. In FrontPage Express, I created a new page by clicking on File>New>Normal Page. I then right-clicked on the page and selected page properties. I could then change the background colour. After I found that none of the preset colours were suitable, I created a custom colour by entering different amounts of Red, Blue, and Green until I found a colour that I liked. I then added this to the custom colours list so I could use it on the other pages. I then set all of the text and hyperlink colours to black so that all the text on the page would the same colour. Whilst I was in page properties, I added the page title that would be shown at the top of the browser by typing the title I wanted into the title box. With the properties set how I wanted, I could lay out the page. I wanted to add a table on the page, to contain the hyperlinks to the other pages. To do this, I clicked on Table>Insert Table, and entered the size of table I wanted, as shown to the left. I then formatted the table by right clicking on the outline, and selecting Table Properties. I added a border of size 10, aligned the table to the centre, and coloured the border navy, as shown to the right. I clicked OK and went back to the home page. I added the section names into the table, and added a two-line title. Using the defaults, the page looked like the image to shown above. I then formatted all of the text into a different font, Franklin Gothic Heavy. I then changed the size of the first line of the title to the largest, size 7, and underlined it. My newly formatted homepage now looked like this. I saved the file into the main directory as index.htm. In order to create the index pages for the sub-directories, I used the homepage as a template. For each index page, all I would need to do was to change

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Thomas Hart Benton :: Biography, Informative

Thomas Hart Benton Thomas Hart Benton was a regionalist American painter whom was known for his beautiful, vigorous, and colorful murals of the 1930’s. He made very many beautiful, famous painting and murals. Most of the rollicking scenes in his paintings and murals are from the rural past of the American South and Midwest. He has studied in Kansas City, MO; Paris, France; and the ever-changed New York City. Thomas Hart Benton was born in the familiar, small town of Neosho, Missouri. He was named after his granduncle, the famed and prominent pre-American Civil War senator. First Thomas Hart Benton studied at the Art Institute of Chicago and then lived in beautiful Paris for three years. When he came back he moved to New York City after 1912 he turned away from his usual style, modernism, and gradually developed a rugged naturalism that affirmed traditional rural values. By the 1930’s Benton was riding a tide of popular acclaim along with his fellow regionalist Grant Wood, who was responsible for American Gothic, and John Steuart Curry, who was responsible for The Tragic Prelude. The mural, America Today (1930-1931, The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the U.S., New York City), Thomas Hart Benton’s masterpiece, presented an optimistic portrayal of a vital country filled with earthy, muscular figures. Later on, Thomas Hart Benton returned to Missouri to teach at he Kansas City Institute, and continued to paint both panels and murals. Thomas Hart Benton’s mural in the Missouri state capitol in Jefferson City (1935) stirred disputes because of its open portrayals of some of the seamier facets of Missouri’s past.

Capacity utilization Essay

?Detailed in the Indalex Ltd. case analysis, current production is stretched to the limit, creating a capacity constraint to meet future forecasted demand; hindering the firms objective of a real growth rate of ten percent annually. The issue of deciding on a capacity expansion plan, given uncertainty about near term economic projections was presented. Indalex concentrates on a competitive priority of service quality, where flexibility and quality are more of a priority than price. This is described in the case study where past and current success of Indalex is attributed to their competitive strategy being strictly based on three words: service, service, service. Indalex set out with the objective of offering a seven-day service, along with offering highly qualified assistance in designing selection for their customers. Valuing service quality, Indalex manages a close working relationship with their customers, such as responding to needs even under short notice, demonstrating how Indalex understands their factories are an integral part of their customers’ factories. I feel that maintaining reputation along with meeting the growing demand of their existing customers is crucial to the service quality strategy of Indalex. In making a decision for the capacity expansion plan, an emphasis on insuring customer satisfaction and retention is of top priority. Given the options of either increasing capacity of their extrusion process, increasing anodizing capacity, building a recycling plant to reprocess scrap aluminum, or increase capacity of both the extrusion and anodizing process; a decision had to be made on which of the options should be done first, in order for the new piece of equipment to be available by the beginning of 1979. In regards to flexibility and quality, the option to either increase capacity of the extrusion, increase capacity of anodizing, or increasing capacity of both operations together; offers machine flexibility. Having excess capacity would allow Indalex to better manage complex orders, ultimately providing an advantage towards their focused service strategy. With the option of building a recycling plant, it would enable more process flexibility and better inventory management. However, this option would generate higher inventory holding costs, creating excess inventory of over a million dollars. Along with requiring new employees with specialized skillsets, the options of adding a recycling plant won’t solve the problem of increasing demand of customer. Anodizing requires the plant to run at full capacity in order to be efficient, along with costly pollution control measures that would have to be taken. When looking into customer satisfaction and retention, customers will only be retained if Indalex increases capacity. When looking into capacity constraints, the extrusion process is the first area that I feel capacity constraints should be removed. With anodizing, the case details that much of the demand is a result from construction related work. If there were a decrease in this area, anodizing operations would be effected. Unlike the extrusion process that allows Indalex to â€Å"buy demand† by offering a low bid for high volume orders if needed, anodizing operations are much more limited in sourcing a demand. Therefore, I would chose the option of increasing capacity of the extrusion plant; which is the best option to align Indalex with their ten percent growth objective, along with offering feasibility of meeting an increase in demand, with flexibility and quality of their service. This expansion will require more employees to be hired, which will also reduce the amount of overtime that is currently required. The risk associated with increasing capacity of the extrusion plant is the idea of the U. K. ’s economy not growing as rapid as predicted, leaving the question of what Indalex would do with the new press if it couldn’t be filled naturally with demand.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Therapy Management Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Health And Social Care Essay

Rheumatoid Arthritis is the most common signifier of inflammatory arthritis which was described in item for the first clip at the terminal of the eighteenth century. This systemic disease affects all cultural groups with the peak incidence in the fifth and 6th decennaries of life. It is characterized by proliferating and destructive alterations in the synovial membrane, periarticular constructions, skeletal musculuss and perineural sheaths of the host. Finally, the affected articulations become fibrosed or ankylosed because of destructive alterations in the joint construction [ 1 ] .EpidemiologyThe prevalence of the RA is about 1 % in the general population in the United States. Prevalence is similar worldwide. It affects all cultural groups with the peak incidence in adult females between the ages of 30 and 50. Disorder occurs three times more often in adult females than in work forces ) . Sing the significance and impact of RA is vitally of import, because it is a progressive destr uctive disease which leads to cram malformation, joint devastation and lasting disablement of the affected articulations [ 2, 3 ] .PathophysiologyEven though the exact cause is still unknown, research workers have found the disease is caused by auto-antibodies which affect synovial tissue. Most of the instances ( 70 % to 90 % ) are caused by the Rheumatoid Factor ( an autoantibody ) matching with IgG, itself an antibody. Most of the balance is caused by the arthritic factors attaching to IgM, IgA or IgE. This immune composite, which is a step of these arthritic factors, are engulfed by WBCs and luxuriant destructive muramidases within the lysosomes. Procollagenase, an enzyme released by neutrophils, is converted into active collagenase by the synovial fluid. Collagenase so splits the collagen of the articular surface gristle and leads to primary synovitis. This primary synovitis gives rise to a pannus which in bend signifiers villi. These villi migrate toward the joint doing its devastation and anchylosis [ 1, 4 ] . In add-on, some research workers say the disease is influenced by familial, environmental, infective factors, and autoimmunity [ 3 ] .DiagnosisThe right diagnosing is the key to the planning of intervention at any phase of a disease. Diagnosis of RA is suspected chiefly by detecting, forenoon articulation stiffness, inflammation and puffiness of the articulations of more than 6 hebdomads continuance impacting the little articulations of the custodies and pess symmetrically, synovial puffiness and hypertrophy with an infiltrate of assorted inflammatory cells including lymph cells and macrophages. Presence of serum rhe umatoid factor, radiological characteristics of RA and periarticular osteoporosis are the characteristic characteristics of the disease, apart from other characteristics such as febrility, weariness, weight loss, vasculitis and arthritic nodules. keratoconjunctivitis, dry eyes, and dry oral cavity, are excess articular and systemic characteristics of RA. Confirmation of the diagnosing is done by blood trials, joint aspiration and radiologic imagination [ 1, 2 ] .Orthopedic malformations of Rheumatoid ArthritisRheumatoid Arthritis can impact any joint in the organic structure. But it involves the peripheral articulations more frequently and really seldom affects the larger articulations. Deformities in the manus Symmetrical peripheral puffiness of phalangeal and interphalangeal articulations. Ulnar divergence of the manus is due to rupture of the collateral ligaments at the metacarpophalangeal articulations. This leads to stealing of the extensor sinews from their channels towards the ulnar side. Boutonniere & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s ( button hole ) malformation is due to the rupture of cardinal enlargement of the fingers ensuing in flexure at the proximal interphalangeal articulations. Swan cervix malformation is due to the rupture or stretching of the palmar home base of the proximal interphalangeal articulations which enables the sinews to steal towards the dorsal side. Here there is hyperextension of the PIP articulation and flexure of the distal interphalangeal articulations. Trigger fingers and the trigger pollex are the nodules over the sinews. Deformities in the pes RA affects the whole pes which consists of forefoot mid pes and back pes. If it is in the fore pes patients may develop, hallux valgus malformation of the great toe, claw toes, callus over the back of the pes and the sole, broadening of the fore pes and the heel may demo valgus malformation. Deformities of the other articulations In the articulatio genus, patient may develop hempen anchylosis or bony anchylosis due to widespread devastation of the articular gristle by the pannus tissue. And besides causes the followerss such as flexure and valgus malformation of the articulatio genus.ManagementPharmacological direction Under pharmacological direction, Analgesics NSAIDs and DMARDs are the chief drug classs that are ordering for the intent of cut down the patterned advance of the disease and the symptoms such as redness, swelling and hurting. Normally Azathioprine, Cyclophospamide, Ciclosporin, Hydroxychloroquine, Leflunomide, Methotrexate, Penicillamine, Sulfasalazine are the major drugs which use for the direction of RA [ 3, 4 ] . Physiotherapeutic and rehabilitative direction in Rheumatoid Arthritis The chief intent of physical therapy direction for RA is to accomplish hurting alleviation and prevent joint harm and the functional loss. Physiotherapeutic and rehabilitative applications have significantly augmented medical therapy by cut downing the disabilities in day-to-day life for patients with RA. The basic PT program of attention for the patients who have RA include educate the patient, relieve hurting and musculus guarding, promote relaxation, minimise joint stiffness, maintain available gesture, minimise musculus wasting, and prevent malformation by protecting joint constructions. Inform the patient on importance of remainder, joint protection, energy preservation, and public presentation of scope of gesture ( ROM ) are the inaugural stairss of the patient instruction. Besides teach place exercising plan and activity alteration that conserve energy and minimise emphasis to vulnerable articulations will cut down the patterned advance of the disease. Application of physical therapy modes and intercessions include cold / heat applications, electrical stimulations, soft massage, immobilise in splint, relaxation technique and hydropathy are the intervention techniques which use to alleviate hurting, musculus guarding and to advance relaxation. Even though there are several physiotherapy agents that normally used in day-to-day pattern, most frequently their usage is based on the personal experiences of the physical therapist [ 5 ] . Cold is one of the most normally used physical agents which is utilizing in assorted types of creaky conditions particularly during the acute phase. Applications of cold battalions, Ice, cold air are some of the different methods of using cold therapy. Harmonizing to the pathology of RA, the enzymes ( gristle – destructing enzymes ) such as collagenase, elastaase, spreading factor and peptidase which are doing devastation of the joint construction are impacting by the temperature of local articulations. The normal intra-articular temperature is 33 0C, but it may be lift up to 36 0C in patient with RA. With temperature of 30 0C or lower, effects of these enzymes are negligibly little. Cold is impacting on the circulation of the local articulations and causes vasoconstriction which reduces the blood supply to the joint. Reduced force per unit area inside the blood vass consequences low unstable exudate which reduces swelling and hurting. Application of hot battalions is effectual for the chronic creaky hurting. Vasodilatation occurs with the heat and delivers extra blood in to the damaged tissues. Increased O and foods supply to the damaged tissues facilitate tissue mending. Heat therapy can be applied as hot battalions, dry hot towels, and every bit good as moist heat ( steam ) . Transdermal Electrical Nerve Stimulation ( TENS ) , signifier of electrical stimulation which uses to cut down the hurting perceptual experience. Harmonizing to the hurting gate theory, the electrical urges travel through the centripetal A-delta fibres which has connexions with substantia gelatinosa, elicit a negative response at T cells. Percept of hurting diminishes due to shutting of the hurting gate by negative response of the T cells. Application of electrodes over where the hurting is most intense is good to cut down the hurting perceptual experience. Passive or active assistive ROM within absolute bounds of hurting and gradual patterned advance as tolerated are required to minimise joint stiffness and maintain available gesture. Gentle grade I and II joint distraction and oscillation techniques are used to suppress hurting and minimise unstable stasis. In fact these techniques cut down the swelling significantly. Maintain normal muscular strength and prevent musculus wasting are indispensable to go independent in Activities of Daily Living ( ADL & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s ) . Gentle isometric exercisings in hurting free places and patterned advance as tolerated minimize musculus wasting caused due to inadequate musculus work. In the interim, usage of supportive and assistive equipment for all pathologically active articulations, good bed positioning while resting, and turning away of activities that stress the articulations must be practiced to forestall progressive joint malformation. The ultimate end of physical therapy program of attention for the patients with RA is to do them independent in their ADLs. However, there are some contraindications and safeguards that physical therapist should see before administer any PT intercession to patients. Joint distraction, oscillation technique, stretching and inactive ROM should be done with the utmost attention of hurting and tissue harm. Besides application of heavy opposition over affected articulations and vigorous stretching are contraindicated particularly when articulations are swollen. The thought of the text was to give an overall description about RA and its direction schemes related to physical therapy. However, be aftering intervention Sessionss and find necessary intercessions are the responsibilities of the healer and besides it depends on patients disease position. It is far beyond the range of this text.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Negative outcomes of French Revolution Essay

Total collapse of the economy, finances, and capital. Hyperinflation devastated the economy, and country had to default on obligations and debt. Improvements happened after Napoleon’s reforms and by widespread confiscation of wealth from Europe (for example by asking Austria to pay for a war reparations). Anarchy and mob violence, counter-revolution, and civil war caused death to hundreds of thousands citizens. Entire regions were depopulated by burn land tactics, and cities like Lyon destroyed. It was the biggest outbreak of violence in Europe between 30Y War and WWI. The extreme measures during the crisis brought a legislation that ended democracy and created first modern totalitarian system under Terror. Constitution was suspended indefinitely, and state implemented widespread judicial murders of its critics and the opponents. Intellectual potential of the state was decimated at the guillotine or by exile.  One point, almost entire French academy was tried for treason in May/June 1794. Revolution was negatively taken by rest of Europe, which was dragged for 25 years into coalition wars with France.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Brinvillier

She clearly writes a second hand account of the B Renville women's' maniac and unfortunate plan with her later repercussions. Prompting the s Tory ,†this was still the only thing talked about in Paris,† this story tells the tale of a woman's purr e desires and her extreme measures of poisoning her husband. Madame De S' view's sets up her blabs opinion towards the account by using her elevated Dalton.Thus showing her tone an d the execution of the plot. Throughout Madame's letter, she Is able to narrate her purpose dramatic her ideas. And use organizational tools to aid her overall sympathy for the e Berliners woman. Although Seven's is depicting an event, she seamlessly connects her supporting data of her opinions towards the Berliner woman. She starts off noting the women's initial t Houghton and plans for her situation. As she depicts her crime, she leaves no room for the reader to interpret his woman as a good citizen.Seventeen's short summary of the account forces the dual once to trust her opinion and agree with her by the end coming to the conclusion that this w Oman receives no redemption. † And, it may be supposed, that we now inhale what remains of her. † Finally, by using her repetitive strategies, she is able to successfully sway the reader towards what she wants them to believe. Helping Madame De Giving's is her elevated diction. This allowing her create an elite opinion as well as persuading her readers.She creates a dramatic tone almost more than the average author to depict the seventy of both her crime and her execution. She leads t he reader suck her with horror†. She is able to utilize a simple summary yet integrate words like shudder inning and horror to emphasize the importance of the story. Madame has the advantage in her I otter to help depict her version of the story yet still remain true to the main idea. Lastly her organizational tools aid her success of both stating her opinion and narrate Eng her story.Sh e starts out with her impacting one sided headline intriguing the audience e to read her letter at a glance. She creates a steady flow of events streamlined with detailed word choice and extreme opinions. Closing out her letter, she solidifies her views. The Berliners whom an to Madame De Giving's is nothing but a murderous wench remaining completely of ids approval through the entirety of the essay. She is very clever in her organizational set up to Cree ate an easily attainable one sided agreement.And lastly, her clever closing remarks, â€Å"It is to e hoped that we shall not inhale her murderous instincts also,† complete her overall purpose of the letter. Overall, Madame De Giving's provides various examples throughout her letter using writing tools and strategies. She depicts her purpose through her diction and drama ‘zing the horrors of the Berliners woman. Her strategic organization shifts this monotonous e vent into a story of her own. Even though she takes a mo re Juvenile approach towards her though TTS , she uses elite strategies to make her purpose apparent.

Friday, September 13, 2019

Small business enterprise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Small business enterprise - Assignment Example In addition, most small business administration do set the capacity of the company depending on the structures of the enterprise. It includes the number of the employees and the level of revenue generated by the industry (Broom and Longenecker, 2011). However, the company can be small, medium or large business depending on the description that that the ministry in charge in any given country will provide. For example, in the United States, the small business plan is a firm whose gross average for the previous three years is not more than the current total average. In addition, the rating of the company also bases on the value of assets, annual sales as well as the net profit. The medium sized business enterprise includes; Tata Motors and the Texas Accountants firm. The two companies have varying profiles that guide the operations of the companies. In addition, the company profile always acts as a guide to the customers of that particular enterprise (Sen, 2008). Company profile is also a requirement that that the business plans ought to have in order to acquire permission to run the company. It is a small automobile company in India that has consolidated revenues of $ 2,000,000 in 2012-2013. The company is making efforts to increase its yearly income and the number of employees. The Tata motor group has 20,000 employees who are operating under a vision and the mission of the company (Keith and Gubellini, 2014). Tata Motors was put up in 1970; the company management has been trying to increase its annual revenue as well the number of employs it employs. In addition, the company will be in a position to boost its current status to medium business enterprise. The company is also opening various branches to increase its sales volume (Andersson, Miles and Ward, 1996). In addition, the company is also making efforts over different brands in the market in

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Discussion Replies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Discussion Replies - Essay Example From this, we can conclude that change in political process and technology is having and will continue to have a considerably impact on war affairs and principles which might result to its revolution. Since ancient times, principles of war have been defined to as a set of guidelines that aids the military in making decisions while in the battle field. Although these principles are still being applied, they have been considerably revolving due to changing technology and the way people carry out warfare currently. For instance research conducted recently by the united research center showed that changing nature of war, especially in the Middle East, is generating a corresponding change in tactics and patterns the military are using so as to archive their objective.( Claus, 2003) According to another research it was outlined that the principles that are revolving and are most likely to change in the future include the principle of simplicity, chase, and unity of command. This is due to advancement in technology that forces the military to change their tactics and patterns. (Knock, 2001) However, despite the fact that these principles might change, it is unlikely that new principles will be developed. This is due to the fact that existing principle have been proven to be most efficient and effective during warfare and only slight adjustment are needed for it to fit in any generation. Conclusively, war will never be absolute because disagreements among states will always exist and insurgents will never stop propagating it until the day they archive their selfish strategies and goals. The only things that might change is the approach in which the military or States will be using during war fare. Also advancement in technology will force the military to modify the already existing principles so as to archive their set objective effectively. In the first post

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Media - Essay Example In the article â€Å"New media, counter publicity and the public sphere† the authors provide the overview of the work of Habermas and his main ideas. In the works of Habermas, where he depicts the ups and downs of the public sphere, the special attention is paid to the special place of the public that criticizes media. He noticed that because of some changes, which happened due to the development of mass media, the public sphere had to change as well. It is unacceptable to allow media to create certain pattern of the vision that is imposed on the society. Moreover, the horizontal communication was changed to the vertical one. Dawney and Fenton state that â€Å"in other words, horizontal communication between citizens is increasingly replaced by vertical communication between mass media, greatly influenced by both the state and capital, and consumers. The space for participatory communication is severely constricted† (Dawney and Fenton 2003:185). Habermas would like to p reserve the rational essence from becoming the ideological one. The public sphere is the unique field for citizens to communicate equally and it is the direct way to form the democratic society. Habermas presented his own vision of the public sphere of the 20th century. ... In the modern society media actively communicates with people. We can see that non-mass media has been developing in different forms. Habermas raises important issue in his work trying to find the answer to the question, whether the independent public fields are able to create a debate with the help of mass media. He also notices that such independent public fields influence the mass media in general, but only in special conditions. According to Dawney and Fenton, â€Å"Habermas recognizes not only the existence of alternative public spheres but also their capacity for challenging domination. While he maintains that his analysis of the public sphere infrastructure still pertains to a mass media largely subordinate to the interests of capital on the one hand, and the state on the other, he has in the meantime revised his pessimistic opinion of the public.†(Dawney and Fenton 2003:187) It has become clear that we are going through the crisis and need to find the solution. It was mentioned above that Internet provides a great variety of opportunities making necessary information accessible (Sunstein, 2001). World web makes its possible to find any information very quickly and represents a perfect platform for advertising. It represents a perfect tool for communication and information exchange. However, despite all the pluses, the word web has it minuses Pluralism is one of them. It is essential to remember that Internet can be used in different purposes and it can be used by everybody. The fact that modern society is created by the mass media and not vice versa is the most dangerous (Verstraeten, 1995). It should be said that the political public fields arising as a part of the independent public fields can cause the fragmentations in the

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

American Creation by Joesph Ellis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Creation by Joesph Ellis - Essay Example Writing about great historical personalities without idolizing or condemning them had been his style. The book under review, American Creation, Which details events from 1775 to 1803, is thus another typical work by Joseph Ellis. American Creation is a critical revisit to the founding years of America. This country and its ideals were formulated by the bold and creative experiments in political ideals by a group of men highly dedicated and determined, in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. There were historical occasions when they triumphed, but there were tragedies too. Both triumphs and tragedies contributed to the shaping the United States. The book takes us through the first shots fired at Lexington to signing of the Declaration of Independence to the Louisiana Purchase. As the process of history unveils, some philosophies emerge, some alliances get shifted, and some personalities fade in who later are to become the iconic leaders of the nation ----Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Hamilton, and Adams. Ellis argues that the American Revolution, unlike the French Revolution, was more an evolution. The gradual and slow pace at which it happened makes it extra ordinary. In the prologue of the book Ell is makes this point clear thus: â€Å"In terms of creativity, the control of pace was almost as impressive as the control of space. The founders opted for an evolutionary rather than revolutionary version of political and social change, preferring to delay delivery of full promise of the American Revolution rather than risk implosion in the mode of French Revolution.† (American Creation—Prologue) .The American experiment in freedom and democracy was unique. America rejected monarchial system of the old world, and experimented with democracy and republicanism. This uniqueness was what President Abraham Lincoln expressed when he called America, â€Å"the last, best, hope of earth†. The two-party

Monday, September 9, 2019

Compare and contrast governmental structure of the Republic of Rome Term Paper

Compare and contrast governmental structure of the Republic of Rome and Ancient Greece - Term Paper Example Ancient Egypt’s leadership is based on the divine rule of the Pharaoh while the Republic of Rome believes to a certain extent in democracy where people are recognized to have a say in the government. II. The new kingdom of ancient Egypt c. 1570 - 1090 The new kingdom of ancient Egypt began when the pharaohs of the eighteenth Dynasty reunited Egypt after the second intermediate period (Edgar et al Chapter 1). In governance, the leadership of ancient Egypt does not recognize democracy (old, middle and new kingdom). People are treated as a subject of a Pharaoh who was believed to be a living god. The pharaoh’s power is not subject to check and balance like those of Rome’s Republic. The pharaoh is the sole authority and needs not confer with a Senate, magistrates or assemblies in its rule. It does not have a tribune because it does not recognize any representation in the form of check and balance. Ancient Egypt adopts the theocratic form of government. Unlike Rome, r eligion plays a central role in Egypt that became a basis of its government and structure (Bauval 35). Due to its theocratic nature, the priests (aside from the pharaoh) were the most esteemed class in ancient Egypt. They also hold vast power because they carry out the decrees of the pharaoh. The government structure of the new kingdom of ancient Egypt was also simple because of the theocratic form of government where all powers in the government emanate from a single person which was the pharaoh. There was also no constitution in ancient Egypt. Perhaps the only thing ancient Egypt shared with the Republic of Rome was that its laws were not written. But unlike in Rome where laws can be proposed and ratified, the laws in Egypt were absolutely based on Ma’at which meant truth and justice, which was to be fair all except the slaves. The officials of ancient Egypt were few unlike in Rome where it has a Senate that is composed of few hundred men, and relatively large number of rep resentatives in its assemblies and magistrates. The officers in ancient Egypt’s government structure are as follows; a. The pharaoh – the ancient Egyptian state was embodied by its king, which was called the pharaoh, a term which literally meant a â€Å"big house† referring to the royal palace but was later referred to the king himself. The king is believed to have supernatural powers and was worshipped and obeyed as a god. The king or the pharaoh is very powerful. In the old kingdom of ancient Egypt, he literally owns the entire land of Egypt and is entitled to all its produce (Thompson 26). Ma’at One of the pharaoh’s primary functions was to mediate between the gods and man, especially in dispensing Ma’at which is the code of behavior and standard of morality of how to do things in ancient Egypt. Ma’at meant â€Å"truth, order, proper behavior and justice (Thompson 26). To sin against Ma' at is to bring chaos into life (Verharen 93 ) b. The viziers – is also known as the tjaty. The vizier is considered as the pharaoh’s right hand. He is also a judge of ancient Egypt’s high court which is the equivalent of Supreme Court today. And just like the Supreme Court, his judgment is final and non appealable. The vizier was also in-charge of the economy and oversees the construction of magnificent temples and buildings (Bob Hobbs 66). c. Nomarch –

Sunday, September 8, 2019

Observations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Observations - Essay Example Yet, this is futile. This is because each observer tries to interpret Arab Spring in the light of the Revolution that fits his perceptions. Revolutions never happen to be straight jacketed in the context of time. They are influenced by many motivations from the past and continue to influence the future over time. Thereby the significance of the Arab Spring lies in the historical influences that motivated it and the impact it will continue to have on the history in the times to come. The British often take the credit for creating Jordan. Actually Jordan was carved out by the British to reward an Arab supporter. It was after independence that Jordan attained the status of a sovereign kingdom. The Arab state system was created by Britain and France by dismantling the Ottoman Empire. These nations continued to interfere in the internal affairs of the Arab states created by them. It is this factor that has assured the survival of Arab monarchies. The leadership of the Arab protests primarily comprised of social networking youth who had little experience in managing street demonstrations. The Arab protests were not unified. They existed as segregated protests lead by different interest

Immigration law 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Immigration law 2 - Essay Example Even though war may be seen as one of the simplest and commonest examples of scenarios whereby the lives of people are put at risk, there are actually several other means by which people dwelling in a country may be prone to threats to their lives even in the absence of war2. As a way of ensuring that people who live in their own countries are given enough and maximum protection against all forms of practices that possesses threat to their lives in their immediate environments, the Refugee Convention has been put in place to ensure that there is easy movement of all such people cross borders from their countries of residence to seek protection and shelter where they feel their lives will be better protected. The present essay analysis whether the definition of a refugee under the Refugee Convention is sufficient to protect victims of human rights abuses and subsequently protect the lives of these people. ... In R v SSHD4, a clearer and reflection meaning is given to what well-founded fear means when it was concluded that genuine belief cannot be a basis for one to receive any form of protection as long as fear is unfounded. This means that fear must be objective and founded5 and in case it will be subjective, it must be based on reality.6 The second provision, which is premises, defines circumstances under which well-founded fear must exist before they can be regarded as meriting for refugee status. Generally, the fact that there is a premise means that well-founded fear may exist alright but may not be a tangible reason to merit one to be a refugee7. In the definition, there are five clearly listed premises, which are ‘race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion’. Race and nationality generally give a premise of reason, for which a person may suffer acts of persecution, which arises mainly because the fellow is of a race that is different from the race of some other group of people who may be executing the torture, bring about the well-founded fear. Religion also gives its up with instances where there exist forms of controlled and mobilised acts of persecution against an identified religious group for the mere fact that people who are executing persecutions refuse to accept the opinions of the other religious group. Commonly, the aftermath of elections have resulted in situations where people, mostly those in opposition tend to become enemies of those winning power and therefore suffer forms of vendetta and victimisation due to their social and political opinions. In Gomez v SSHD8 we realize that "to qualify as political the

Saturday, September 7, 2019

The Physics of Roller Coasters Essay Example for Free

The Physics of Roller Coasters Essay People sometimes engage in activities and are unaware that such activity involves physics. Physics is all around. For instance, you may go to Six Flags and do not analyze how physics helps the machines you ride in operate. Have you ever asked yourself how a roller coaster works? Would roller coasters safely run without the knowledge that physics offers us? The answer is no. Roller coasters are driven by physics; it mobilizes and gives its riders amusement through forces such as inertia, gravitation, and centripetal forces and utilizes different types of energies such as potential and kinetic energy. Physics is what makes roller coasters safe and effective. It is not only the high speed of the trains ofa roller coaster that makes the ride so thrilling but the acceleration of the train and the occasional feeling of weightlessness. At various times, roller coasters, or more specifically the trains of these, undergo acceleration, which is defined as the rate of change in velocity. The change may be in speed (magnitude) or direction, or in both. Roller coasters accelerate when they speed up and make the ride faster, slow down, or change direction. It decelerates as, for example, it ascends as if going up a hill. In this case, acceleration is dependent on its mass and the other forces acting on it. It is the acceleration of roller coasters what makes the ride more thrilling and exciting. When riding in a roller coaster a person may at some point feel weightlessness because they do not feel the chair they are sitting in as the roller coaster and yourself move vertically at 9. 8 m/sA2. Therefore, you encounter with Galileo and Newtons principle of free fall, an object moving under the influence of gravity only. Newtons laws of motion state that the sum of the forces acting on free-falling objects, gravitation and its inertia, equals to zero. Because these forces add up to zero as gravity cancels out with the objects inertia, then the rider while riding in an arched path, in form of for example a parabola, feels weightless. This free-fall also occurs when the roller coaster is up high in the air and abruptly drops and accelerates to the ground. It is due to gravity, the Earths pull, only and therefore, as Newton proposed, even though some people weight more than other, they accelerate at the same rate. One of the most important and fascinating parts of a roller coaster ride are its curves. When going through a loop, the track of the roller coaster exerts a centripetal force. Centripetal force is a force that makes a body follow a curved path. If you ever wonder how you go through a loop in a roller coaster without falling off, one of the reasons for this is centripetal force which holds the riders in their seat. It is a force that pulls you in the direction of the center of a circle when traveling in a circular course. Furthermore, roller coasters also have a relationship with inertia which also helps passengers stay in their seats and not fall off the train. Inertia is the property of things to resist any changes in motion. For example, if an object is still then it will not move unless a force acts on it, the esistance of moving is considered inertia. This force presses each individual to the outside of the loop as the train twists upside down. Gravity is still pulling you toward Earth but acceleration force is more powerful than gravity at the top which also pulls you but in the opposite direction, upwards. Similarly, a moving roller coaster, as it is or force alters its speed or direction. The more mass the roller coaster has, the more inertia it has. Riders who frequently go to amusement parks and ride on roller coasters are usually astonished by the fact that these do not have engines. Immediately, riders nquire, how does it stay on tracks, what makes it remain in motion, why we do not fall when turned upside down? Initially, the train of a roller coaster is only pulled up the first hill by a motor but after such action, it must finish the ride by itself. It is not a motor that is responsible for driving the roller coaster but rather the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy. The train gets the kinetic energy necessary for the entire ride from the first steep hill it goes down. Energy can never be created or destroyed, however, it is conserved through forces like gravity, which is known as conservation of energy. Kinetic and potential energy are the two most important types of energy that a roller coaster needs to function. Kinetic energy is energy of motion, the faster an object or something moves, the more kinetic energy it possesses. On the other hand, potential energy is defined as energy of position or stored energy. The roller coaster utilizes potential energy, which is dependent of the mass of the train and the height, when the motor lifts it up the hill and then, this transfers to kinetic energy when the roller coaster suddenly drops, gaining speed. Therefore, the sum of kinetic and potential energy forms the mechanical energy of he roller coaster, energy which is occasionally lost throughout the ride due to friction. Potential energy is transferred into kinetic energy at the beginning of the ride as the roller coaster undergoes its first descent. When the train of the roller coaster is at the peak of the hill, it possesses a lot of potential energy and much less kinetic energy because it is at a high altitude and moves slowly. Conversely, when it is at the bottom, it has a lot of kinetic energy and less potential energy because it moves faster and is closer to the ground. Roller coasters get some of the potential nergy lost to kinetic energy when it starts elevating itself again to the top of the hill. This is a continuous process that the train repeats until it comes to rest. Isaac Newtons three laws of motion also relate to roller coasters. Newtons first law or the law of inertia states that if an object is at rest it will remain at rest, and if an object is in motion it will continue with constant speed in a straight line unless an external force is exerted upon it. In a roller coaster, the outside forces exerted on the train of the roller coaster are the brakes or frictional force, which makes it slow down r decelerate. Newtons second law states the acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the net force applied. This is why when the train is going down a hill the speed is so high because of the amount of heavy mass the train carries such as the weight of each person. Therefore, it is said that F (force) = m (mass) * g (gravitational force). So the force that you encounter when going down the steep hill is equal to the mass of the train plus the mass of all the riders multiplied by the gravitational force, which is equal to 9. 8 m/s squared. Lastly, Newtons third aw states that when one body applies a force to another body, the second body applies an equal and opposite force to the first body. This theory in practice is when, for example, you go through a curve and you feel and think that the seat you are in is pushing you, but similarly, you also do the same to the seat because you apply an Furthermore, roller coasters also encounter frictional forces. Friction is defined as a force that acts to resist the relative motion or attempted motion of objects or materials that are in contact. Friction is why the train of a roller coaster reduces peed as goes through the tracks; it makes it harder for the train to roll. This is why as you can observe in an amusement park, the biggest and highest hills of a roller coaster are put at the beginning of the ride and leave the smallest for last in order to keep the train moving. The frictional force of a roller coaster acts in direct opposition to the motion of it. There is friction in the wheels of the roller coaster, as it rubs with the tract it runs through, and in wind drag or air resistance and these are the reasons why mechanical energy, the sum of potential and kinetic energy, is dissolved s the ride continues, and even more at the end of the ride and affects its velocity. If there were no friction then the roller coaster would keep going without stop. Roller coasters are one of the most popular and thrilling rides in an amusement park. During a roller coaster ride, many physics concepts are present that makes the ride so fascinating. Roller coasters undergo acceleration, they transform potential energy to kinetic energy, Newtons laws of motion are put in practice, friction resists its motion and it utilizes gravity and inertia. In short, physics works roller coaster.