tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18673332715651777852024-02-20T12:02:12.198-08:00Сritical argument essayUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger203125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-49300440403607561252020-08-27T02:58:00.001-07:002020-08-27T02:58:06.777-07:00Leadership Effectiveness Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 wordsAuthority Effectiveness Report - Essay Example If we somehow happened to check out ourselves, there are a great many models that try to article the qualities that make a common individual a pioneer - a saint for a lifetime. Regardless of whether it is in our motion pictures, craftsmanship or writing - there have been steady depictions of pioneers and their characteristics. Such characteristics are singled out as the best with regards to having a directing character, understanding and outfitting the elements of human conduct lastly, just as performing under high tension and attempting circumstances. These pioneers have been motivation for the general population and their initiative aptitudes have whole hypotheses devoted to the equivalent. In this unique situation, it is critical to comprehend that no pioneer is great and that their outcome directions won't generally receive the precise rewards attributable to unexpected conditions or even certain individual defects. This has a solid ramifications in the practical investigation of the pioneer and their initiative abilities. On this premise, we will do an investigation of ideal viability in a specific chief in a commonly corporate setting. The individual being referred to is Chief Executive's CEO of the year for the year 2006 - A.G Lafley of Procter and Gamble. This decision has encouraged investigation based on a contending esteems structure where we will contemplate the situational administration hypothesis and the five models that structure its components. Likewise, we will begin by underlining on the political decision gives that face the measures chiefs when chipping away at such a structure. In doing as such, we will set a setting for conversation of Lafley's attributes and viability of equivalent to center initiative qualities where Procter and Gamble's essential arrangements are concerned. Contending Values Framework As an organization that took off on the quality showed by a light producer named William Procter and a cleanser creator called James Gamble in 1837, Procter and Gamble was an organization that began by delivering cleansers and candles, just to go amiss and set up industrial facilities creating a plenty of items like radio projects, cleansing agents and the mainstream Pampers for babies, among numerous others. Trapped amidst different fights spinning around issues like creature testing, cutting back, logo contention and poisonous stun disorder and tampons, this organization was forced to bear a few basic claims. In 2005, it endured $12 million because of these reasons. Most were of the view that Procter and Gamble was finished - a useless organization. Most yet one - A G Lafey as the CEO of the organization conveyed it back to its unique quality and how. (www.pg.com) This shows a subtlety of placing the correct man in the correct activity - at the end of the day, a secure determination process. A.G Lafey is a man who has resisted the obstructions that come in the method of a viable political decision process. In appropriated frameworks, pioneer political race is a powerful idea that can make different interrelated procedures partake and crash simultaneously. In this specific circumstance, the typical point to point correspondence is supplanted by supported telecom to reproduce viable procedure correspondence. To consider Lafey's commitment and his viability all the more fundamentally, I will fall back on a pioneer political race convention configuration's outline that is set in a unique setting in order to contemplate his adequacy as an innovator as far as the Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-51487760003010374702020-08-22T10:25:00.001-07:002020-08-22T10:25:31.827-07:00Comparison Between the Aeneid and the Iliad free essay sampleHow are the sections comparative? How are they extraordinary? What does this closeness/contrast enlighten us regarding a bigger likenesses/contrasts in progress of an entirety? Model from educator: Aeneid line 404-424 (Dido is despondent) Odyssey: 212-225 (Calypso-Can I be less alluring? ) likeness: both have broken-hearts-the hero is leaving them contrast: Aneid-Rome calls, going to Italy to manufacture another home/Dido will not acknowledge his leaving/Dido is essentially a sovereign and mortal Odyssey: home calls, Ithika (past as of now his home) Calypso acknowledges that he should go/she is a goddess end The Iliad| The Aenied | Passage: The Aeneids last six book (the episode of war) looks like the Iliad. | Partoclus slaughtered by Hector and the anger of Achilles is touched off by the updates on the demise of his companion. | Pallas murdered by Turnus and the anger of Aneus is touched off when he likewise gets the updates on her dead companion. We will compose a custom exposition test on Correlation Between the Aeneid and the Iliad or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page | Similitudes/Differences| Similarities: * Both Achilles and Aneas share a similar response towards the passing of their individual troopers. Iliad pg 430 ll. 25-38Aenied pg 325 * Both Virgil and Homer presentation a similar topic of retribution. Achilles vindicates Hector for executing Patroclus and Aneus slaughters Pallas so as to serve retaliation for Turnus passing. * Both officers are missing from fight and the news is brought to them. Contrasts: * Both men have various drives Achilles is driven by his pride and self-wonder while Aneus serves the desire of the Gods. * Reason behind the mens nonattendance from the combat zone: Achilles: self-hatred and obstinacy for the loss of his war prize along these lines declining to partake in fight. Aneus: completing his destiny given to him by the Gods; looking for additional men for his new armed force. *different characters| Works as a Whole| Homer The Iliad accentuates the possibility of hamartia and its ability of annihilation with a solid nearness of war. Virgil The Aenied centers around commending the Roman Gods. Both In the two works, the activities of the heroes and enemies are impacted by Divine Intervention, Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-34441293226922017042020-08-21T08:07:00.001-07:002020-08-21T08:07:29.311-07:00Blog Archive Friday Factoid At UCLA Anderson, International Opportunities Abound Blog Archive Friday Factoid At UCLA Anderson, International Opportunities Abound Although UCLA Anderson might not be as well known internationally as other top-ranked U.S. business schools, it has invested in the development of resources dedicated to international business. International courses include âInternational Business Economics,â âGlobal Marketing Managementâ and âBusiness and Economics in Emerging Markets,â which explores market reform processes in Latin America, Eastern Europe and Asia, paying particular attention to issues such as privatization, political and economic risk and global competitiveness. Meanwhile, approximately 20% of Anderson students study abroad for one quarter at some point in the MBA program, choosing from 46 partner institutions at which to take courses, as part of the schoolâs International Exchange Program. Among others, students may study at the China Europe International Business School in China, the Indian Institute of Management in Bangalore, the Warsaw School of Economics and the University of Witwatersrand at Wits Business School in South Africa. Most students take courses in English, though some international exchange programs offer opportunities to learn and study in other languages. UCLA Anderson students interested in improving their skills in a foreign language while on campus can take language courses in Korean, Chinese, Spanish or French. Students can also choose to complete their required second-year Applied Management Research project (AMR) outside the United States, and those interested in an international AMR in the field of mi crofinance can apply to the UCLA Center for International Business Education Research for financial support. Indeed, at Anderson, international opportunities (quietly) abound Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids University of California Los Angeles (Anderson) Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-18263667359663297142020-05-25T05:34:00.001-07:002020-05-25T05:34:04.205-07:00Brewing For Success Starbucks Coffee - 2051 Words Brewing for Success Two shots of espresso, a dash of white chocolate flavored sauce, 16 oz. of steamed milk, a swirl of sweetened whipped cream, and one happy customer. Coffee has become the crutch that millions of Americans have held on to in order to get through their day. However, Starbucks has become the most successful brew in the business. On any given morning, it is guaranteed that a large line of groggy human beings will be impatiently waiting to get a hold of their precious grande white mocha described above. In fact, ââ¬Å"more than 70 million people worldwide enter a Starbucks cafà © every weekâ⬠(Lorenzetti). But is it just the beverages that keep the customers coming back? The Starbucks coffee company has found a way to not only sell drinks, but also a lifestyle. They have created a brand power that even a non-coffee drinker is willing to see value in. A small shop in Pikes Place market has evolved into a global company. On one street corner in Washington, the gree n and white cup is sold on each side of the street. Although there are a variety of coffee shops to choose from, Starbucks separates itself from its competitors in a variety of ways due to its effective organization. The way they run their stores has guaranteed millions of loyal customers. Overall the organizational coordination and structure of the Starbucks Company has differentiated them from the other competitors, and has satisfied millions of customers throughout the process. Timeline of TakeoverShow MoreRelatedStarbucks : Delivering Customer Service1278 Words à |à 6 Pagesì⹠ì Å"ÃâËë §Ëì ¼â¬ÃÅ'⦠ì ¡ °Ã« ³â ì⠬ë ¡â¬ ë °Å"ÃâÅ" Starbucks : Delivering Customer Service Contents â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ Case Summary Company Background The Starbucks Value Proposition Delivering on Service Caffeinating the World Starbucksââ¬â¢ Market Research: Trouble Brewing? Rediscovering the Starbucks Customer â⬠¢ Suggestion Case Summary â⬠¢ 5% ann. sales growth during 11years in a row (~2002) â⬠¢ close to a recession-proof product (Howard Schultz) â⬠¢ Lack of strategic marketing group and customer relationship management : OverlookingRead MoreHoward Schultz And Starbucks Coffee Company767 Words à |à 4 PagesHoward Schultz and Starbucks Coffee Company In the early 1980s, how did Howard Schultz view the possibilities for the specialty coffee market? Recognized the untapped market as revealed by statistics. Specialty coffee accounted for less than 10% of the industryââ¬â¢s sales in 1980 (Bouclier,p.39) The specialty coffee sector had expanded rapidly from 1970ââ¬â¢s to the 1980 with annual sales rising from $45 million to $750 million (Bouclier, p.39) Schultz decided to use his talents to build a strong companyRead More5-Force Analysis of Keurig Brewing System by Jay Haque1537 Words à |à 7 PagesAbstract Green Mountain Coffee Roasterââ¬â¢s Keurig Single Brew system is dominating the U.S. market with an overwhelming market share. Analysts expect sales of single-cup brewing systems to continue to grow in the U.S. and competitors are eyeing a piece of the pie. An analysis of Keurigââ¬â¢s current position, based on Michael E. Porters 5-Forces, highlights a number of key areas of opportunity and risk for the company. Handled correctly, the Keurig product line should continue its growth, however, aRead MoreStarbuckss Market Strategy For Starbucks1415 Words à |à 6 PagesStarbucks Corporation is a coffeehouse chain that began in Seattle in 1971. Since that time, Starbucks operations have grown; there are now over 22,000 retail stores throughout 67 countries. Starbucks strives to offer customers a comfortable, ââ¬Å"home-likeâ⬠environment while remaining conscious of ethical behaviors and social responsibility. It can be argued that Starbucks dominates the coffeehouse ma rket, and much of this may be due to a grand strategy with a focus on growth. Using a growth strategyRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization On The People Of China1413 Words à |à 6 Pages(Goodman). This paper will focus on a few aspects of globalization and how they have influenced the people of China especially their eating habits. Coffee is quickly replacing the tea culture and fast food chains have targeted the large Chinese market. This change in the Chinese eating culture has come with some challenges like health problems. Coffee Culture Tea drinking has long history in China. It dates back to 5000 years ago when Emperor Sheng Nong was in the process boiling water and some tealRead MoreStarbucks Marketing Case Study1367 Words à |à 6 PagesCase Study 7 Pg. 320-324 Starbucks 1.) What is Starbucksââ¬â¢ Product? They have a wide variety of different products. Their main product that they are well known for is their line of premium coffee products. They offer more than 30 blends and single origin coffees, hand crafted espresso and blended beverages, Tazo teas, a line of bottled frappuccino coffee drinks and Starbucks dubbleshot. They also offer an exclusive line of Starbucks Barista home espresso machines, coffee brewers and grinders,Read MoreStarbucks Case Study : Trouble Brews At Starbucks841 Words à |à 4 Pagesassignment is based on the Starbucks case study; Trouble Brews at Starbucks written by Lauranne Buchanan and Carolyn Simmons (2009). The aim of this paper will be to discuss the the changing consumer experience, competitive landscape and external circumstances affecting marketing opportunities for Starbucks, while determining how Howard Schultz can provide Starbuckââ¬â¢s customers a greater long-term value. Trouble Brewing at Starbucks When Howard Schultz launched Starbucks, its main targets were theRead MoreStrategic and Financial Planning1336 Words à |à 5 PagesStrategic and Financial Planning: Planning is regarded as one of the most important and significant aspects of the success and profitability of a business. Generally, companies and organizations are involved in various methods of planning with the two major types being strategic planning and financial planning. These methods are commonly used by companies because of the different focuses they have and their distinctive nature. Nonetheless, strategic planning and financial planning consist ofRead MoreGreen Mountain Coffee1353 Words à |à 6 PagesBACKGROUND/HISTORY Green Mountain Coffee Roasters (GMCR) started as a small cafà © in Waitsfield, Vermont in the year of 1981. It was in 1993 that the company went public and acquired the early phase of Keurig Incorporated Inc, and then completed the acquisition in 2006. (Unknown.( 2004). Gmcr.Retrieved from http://www.gmcr.com/about-GMCR.html) Once these two companies combined it made the way we drink beverages different than ever before in both the home and office. According to GMCRââ¬â¢s websiteRead MoreStarbucks Brand1422 Words à |à 6 PagesStarbucks Corporation: Managing a High Growth Brand 1 One of the main keys for success for Starbucks in building the brand is their focus on quality, starting by the quality of the whole bean, the freshly roasted gourmet beans, its packaging, transportation, until its brewing. This has served as a main differentiator between Starbucks and other brands. Starbucks has succeeded to position itself as a unique quality coffee provider. Starbucks also managed to build its brand with the perception Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-63822578446296227542020-05-14T12:28:00.001-07:002020-05-14T12:28:04.786-07:00Spanking Young Children - 1366 Words About 60% of parents in the United States use spanking as a method to discipline their young children. In most cases parents believe that spanking is the only effective way to discipline their children. According to the ââ¬Å"International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Familyâ⬠, spanking is often referred as; ââ¬Å"one or two flat-handed swats on a childs wrist or buttocks, but would not include a beating with a whip or a belt, for others, spanking also includes slaps and pinches to the leg, arm, back, or even the head, as long as no marks are leftâ⬠. While some parents favor spanking children, others are against spanking children because they feel that teaching them and giving them consequences is the way method for a child to behave. I believe thatâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦With the increasing number of families that have two working parents in a family children would want to seek attention from parents at any rate they can. If parents spank them when they misbehave, misbehaving constantly can make them feel somehow connected with parents. Sometimes spanking a child is necessary to bring attention to the child when they are constantly misbehaving. Some parents believe spanking is a great way to discipline a child because they would become more obedient. For instance, ââ¬Å"many parents use corporal punishment as a last resort, some parents may reluctantly spank their children because they cannot think of what else to do to show the child the seriousness of his or her misbehaviorâ⬠(encyclopedia, 2003) Parents use spanking a child as a way to make children act the way they are supposed to act. Many children go wild, since they have never received any real punishment from either parent other than just getting grounded for misbehaving. Sometimes parents lose control of their children due to the lack of disciplinary skills. When parents lack disciplinary skills the children tend to have control of all situations. For example, a child may be throwing food in the kitchen when they dislike the meal the parent prepares. The parents do not use any act of physical punishment towards the children but rather ground them when they misbehave. TheShow MoreRelatedSpanking Essay880 Words à |à 4 Pages Spanking has been the preferred mode of punishing children most parents have opted for across cultures in the globe. For decades, most parents attest to the fact that spanking was the most effective tool in their possession with regard to ensuring discipline among the young ones. But over the last two decades, studies have been conducted that have adduced the negative impacts spanking has on children which has the propensity of impacting their teenage lives (Durrant and Ron). In a study conductedRead MoreThe Controversy Around Corporal Punishment1257 Words à |à 6 Pagespunishment, also referred to as spanking is deliberately inflicting pain on a person due to an inappropriate behavior or act they have done. This involves hitting, pinching, using switch cords, smacking, and etcetera. Those who are in favor of corporal punishment and believes that it should not be illegal, uses scriptures from the bible as justification. Supporters of corporal punishment feels as if spanking is an e ffective way to manage behavior. Those who are against spanking points out the negative,Read MoreWhen Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse?1486 Words à |à 6 Pageswith emphasis on spanking vs. not spanking and its effects on children. Included are research from statistics, opposing views and arguments, advocatesââ¬â¢ and Department of Children and Familiesââ¬â¢ position. The use of corporal punishment, or spanking, as a form of parental discipline is a controversial topic. Adults who remember being spanking by a parent for misbehaving may carry on this behavior as an acceptable form of punishment for their own children. Others believe spanking to be an outdatedRead MoreThe Effects Of Spaking And Child Abuse866 Words à |à 4 Pagesmisbehaving may carry on this behavior as an acceptable form of punishment for their own children. Others believe spanking to be an outdated punishment that is cruel and can cross the line to physical abuse. Some also believe spanking allows a parent to immediately stop a dangerous action, and, as a traditional form a discipline, may be necessary to communicate a message about negative behavior to young children who may not understand verbal explanations. A lot of parents find their selves in a toughRead More Corporal Punishment in America Essays1222 Words à |à 5 Pagescorporal punishment as the use of physical force aimed at causing children to experience pain but not injury, for the purposes of correction and control of youthful behavior (Day 83). Spanking is one form of physical or corporal punishment (Epoch 1). The general acceptance, and sometimes support, of corporal punishment as a method of discipline is an aspect of the American culture (Barnett, Miller-Perrin, Perrin 61). Children are abused, in part, because they are unable to defend themselvesRead MoreCorporal Punishment Is A Discipline Method1650 Words à |à 7 Pagescriminal law, ââ¬Å"Spanking, also called corporal punishment, is a discipline method in which a person inflicts pain on a child without inflicting injury and with the intent to modify the childââ¬â¢s behavior. Forms of corporal punishment include hitting a childââ¬â¢s bottom, slapping, grabbing, shoving, or hitting a child with a belt or paddleâ⬠(Mince-Didier). Supposedly people against spanking define it broadly so that it can be easily be connected to child abuse. People who support spanking tend to uses definitionsRead MoreForms of Discipline: Punishment is too Aggressive805 Words à |à 4 PagesIn recent studies, researchers have found that ninety percent of parents spank their children; yet, seventy-three percent of mothers report that their child will continue to repeat their behavior they were disciplined for (Og ilvie). Based of this information, the effectiveness of this form of discipline seems to be incredibly low. Now consider another fact: how harmful is this to children physically and mentally? Would this affect them as they grow up and even continue to affect them into their adulthoodRead MoreThe Children May Suffer: The Negative Impacts of Corporal Punishment 1685 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Children May Suffer: The Negative Impacts of Corporal Punishment A young boy slowly makes his way to his mom, her scream urging him forward. He is almost to her side when he sees the shadow of her belt, he slowly backs away, he does not go far, as she quickly grabs him by his shirt. She then start to beat his hands with the belt, and then turns him around and starts spanking him on the behind. Throughout the whole time, the young boyââ¬â¢s eyes reflect fear, pain, and anger. Such corporal punishmentRead MoreCorporal Punishment Is A Used Form Of Discipline Around The World1516 Words à |à 7 Pages Corporal punishment is a commonly used form of discipline around the world. Author Dobson, J. (2013) defines corporal punishment as the use of physical force without causing harm with the intention of disciplining or modifying behavior in children. Pain, but not injury is how corporal punishment is distinguished from physical abuse. Many ask, when does corporal punishment become physical abuse? According to The Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Trea tment Act of 2010, child abuse is when Any recentRead MoreEssay on Corporal Punishment and Spanking in children 1724 Words à |à 7 PagesPunishment and Spanking in children Spanking and the use of Corporal Punishment are the most common forms of punishment used today for younger children. 67% of parents today use some form of corporal or physical punishment. Spanking and Corporal Punishment is the use of physical force to cause pain with the intent to control the child. Mothers are primarily the ones to spank, because they are the ones who are with the children more. Young parental age and lower income seem to predict spanking in children Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-70320267033076291312020-05-06T15:12:00.001-07:002020-05-06T15:12:34.930-07:00Gilgamesh As A Hero - 1201 Words Since long ago, people carried an image of what it means to be a hero. It is evident in some great books one might even say. As in The Epic of Gilgamesh, Antigone, and The Iliad, heroism is displayed and exalted, but what does being a hero mean? Overarchingly, in regards to these works, the heroes earn their titles as heroes by notably doing what is right when the time is right, with humane purpose, and an everlasting message. However, Gilgamesh, Antigone, and Akhilleus, being different in their purposes, everlasting messages, type of heroism as whole, can not compare in regards to heroic status. Gilgamesh is a hero. He notably did good, had a humane purpose to do good, which in the end displayed an everlasting message. In The Epic ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Gilgamesh displays this growth at the end of the Epic as he admires his city, ââ¬Å"Survey its foundations, examine the brickwork!â⬠, ââ¬Å"Did the Seven Sages not lay its foundations?â⬠(Gilgamesh 11.324,236) This was his act of of good. Realising what it takes to rule his kingdom, not like a tyrant, was what his message was. What truly made Gilgamesh a hero was his transformation from being a tyrant to a good king. Gilgamesh lived on through the foundations of his Kingdom, in a way, making him mortal. As people continue to study the epic, one might even suggest Gilgamesh obtained immortality as being remembered a hero. Antigone too was a hero, however, in a different way. While displayed a message, she did good, and had purpose, it was all slightly different than Gilgamesh. Antigone stood against the King, Creon, her uncle, who ruled tyrannically. With this, her message shared some parallel to Gilgamesh, suggesting that if a Tyrant is in power, change is needed. She criticized her uncle for not being a king of the people, as he made it illegal to bury one of her brothers. Despite Creon being king, she expressed, ââ¬Å"But heââ¬â¢s no right to keep me from whatââ¬â¢s mineâ⬠(Antigone line 60). Antigone actively expresses that being a king does not give one absolute right over every person. Through this, she is able to send the a message that, there are humanly rights one can notShow MoreRelatedGilgamesh : A Hero Or Hero?1623 Words à |à 7 Pages What is a hero? Is it a person who is admired and seen as one with courage, nobility, and heroic achievements, humble , and helpful and always looking for otherââ¬â¢s favors? Or is it someone who is forcing his will through tyranny to be praised as a hero? Of course itââ¬â¢s the first option. Gilgamesh is supposed to be a story of a hero with no comparison of his strength, power and nobility. But the truth about Gilgamesh is that all he is looking for is his fame and fortune. The kingââ¬â¢s tyrannyRead MoreGilgamesh Is A Hero1209 Words à |à 5 Pageslong ago, people carried an image of what it means to be a hero. It is evident in some great books one might even say. As in The Epic of Gilgamesh, Antigone, and The Iliad, heroism is displayed and exalted, but what does being a hero mean? Overarchingly, in regards to these works, the heroes earn their titles as heroes by notably doing what is right when the time is right, with humane purpose, and an everlasting message. However, Gilgamesh, Antigone, and Akhilleus, being different in their purposesRead MoreGilgamesh a Hero1746 Words à |à 7 PagesThe stor y of Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk who is two thirds god and one third human, is a interesting and intriguing piece of literature. The story tells of Gilgameshs strength, bravery, intelligence, looks, and loyalty making him a true model hero. It says that Gilgamesh was (pg.13), given a perfect body and endowed with beauty and courage and his beauty surpassed all others. Throughout the story he is constantly going into battle and going on long adventures to find answers that will betterRead MoreThe Hero Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh911 Words à |à 4 Pagesstereotypical, sympathetic hero; the Batmans and Supermans who lose their parents in tragic circumstances and devote their lives to vanquishing evil. That however, is not the way heroes have always been portrayed. When we look at The Epic of Gilgamesh we see the archetype of every hero since, however, we are not overcome with a desire to see Gilgamesh succeed. On the hand, if we fast forward two thousand years and look at a hero from Africa named Sundiata who is very similar to Gilgamesh in many aspects, weRead MoreThe Hero Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh1759 Words à |à 8 Pages In the ââ¬Å"Epic of Gilgameshâ⬠, it is easy to conclude that Gilgamesh, the protagonist of the story, is the hero. In ââ¬Å"Like Mayflies in a Streamâ⬠, Gilgamesh is merely a scary person who appears in the story here or there rather than being the protagonist. Instead, Shamhat is the main person that the story focuses on, but the book is imprecise on one hero of the entire story. There are numerous characters that could reflect hero aspects such as going on a quest, having another to help guide them, or facingRead MoreGilgamesh: A Mythical Hero Essay840 Words à |à 4 Pagesconfusions and battles. Within these myths lies a hero. From myth to myth and story to story, heroes experience what may be called a struggle or a journey, which lays down their plot line. Bearing tremendous strength, talent, and significant admiration, a hero holds what is precious to their audience, heroism. Over time however, no matter the hero, the heroââ¬â¢s role remains indistinguishable and identical to the position of every other hero. Gilgamesh the king is a myth beholding various heroic traitsRead MoreEpic Of Gilgamesh : The Epic Hero1641 Words à |à 7 PagesGilgamesh is an ancient Mesopotamian hero, featured in the famous tale of ââ¬Å"The Epic of Gilgameshâ⬠, who embarks on a perilous quest for immortality. This idea, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦touches on the most fundamental questions of what it actually means to be humanâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Homer 33), and gives us light into the minds of the people during the era. Gilgameshââ¬â¢s tale gives us a glimpse at how the people of that day viewed a ââ¬Å"heroâ⬠, and allows us to reflect upon what we consider a ââ¬Å"heroâ⬠today. Using the Epic Hero Cycle, I will analyzeRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh : The Jeopardy Of A Hero1271 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Jeopardy of a Hero The Epic of Gilgamesh was an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia. The Epic of Gilgamesh, is often known as the earliest surviving great work of literature, by an unknown author but translated by N.K. Sanders. The epic poem, tells a creative story about a bold hero named Gilgamesh. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a story that takes place in Summer of Uruk, in the Middle East around 2700 B.C. Gilgamesh is half man, half god. Enkidu, Gilgameshââ¬â¢s friend is a man that was created fromRead MoreEpic of Gilgamesh: a Hero Essay1615 Words à |à 7 PagesStill, there is a great difficulty that lies in defining what a hero truly is. Strength alone does not make a hero; nor does intelligence. Moreover, the Epic of Gilgamesh truly defines the definition of a hero. Gilgamesh is portrayed as a true hero through his skill, intelligence, willingness to die, reverence, and his respect for death. Throughout the entire epic, Gilgamesh demonstrates outrageous skill as a warrior and leader. ââ¬Å"Gilgamesh is strong to perfection.â⬠ââ¬Å"He is an awesome beast with unmatchedRead MoreGilgamesh Heros Journey Analysis1052 Words à |à 5 Pages In The Epic of Gilgamesh we see an epic hero, Gilgamesh, rule over the town of Urik. He is a harsh ruler who makes his power known to his people. Shortly after this, he meets his equal in strength, Enkidu, who is a man from nature. Together these two conquer many lands until the gods decide that they are two powerful together, and they kill Enkidu. This loss to Gilgamesh forces him to go out wandering the land looking for answers to immorality. Everything that Gilgamesh does follows the character Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-86200468345905922092020-05-05T16:51:00.001-07:002020-05-05T16:51:19.967-07:00History First Church in New Zealand Samples â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the History First Church in New Zealand. Answer: Introduction First Church is a conspicuous church in the city named Dunedin in New Zealand. It is situated in the Moray Place, which is known as heart of the city. Church is regarded one of the most attractive churches of 19th century. Its height is 175 feet and is built of a stone called Oamaru. First Church of Otago was established in November 1873 It was designed by the architect R.A Lawson. The church has following parts named as Porch, Belltower, Sanctuary, the Chancel, the organ, the ST Andrews Aisle, Windows, Pulpit, describing the history and culture of Otago. A picture of First Church of Otago was introduced in a string of ostage stamps celebrating the birthday of Otago in 1948. History (Actual Product) The original first church was established in September 1848 and could manage only a footfall of 200. It was a type of a weatherboard and was established very rapidly. For the first three months after construction, there was no sitting arrangement in the building. After it, an extended and expended church was constructed with double capacity than the first one. In its earlier days this building was also used as a community lecture hall, school and chambers of Otago Provincial Council. These buildings were only a type of a temporary solution which started to be used for other purposes at the establishment of permanent church in 1856. Third construction of the church was started on the place above the prior structures on Dowling Street. A woody structure based on stone with sitting capacity of 600 was being used till the current building was completed. The name of the Church does not refers to the building but is indicated its congregations. Core Product The porch of the church describes the great history of Otago. R.A Lawson also designed a hall at the back of the church building that is known as Moray Hall. Moray Hall was a result of combination of First Church and Moray Place Congregational Church. This Hall is now a Key tourist center and a heritage. During the visit of church, small faces of Godfreys handiwork, pairs of dragons placed on both side of higher windows and leaf shapes drags attention of the visitors. Augmented Product Key AttractionsWhile walking on the ground, the best seen after the church are towers of apse. Ornate Gothic faade and rose shaped window is surely an admirable and attention seeking part of the museum. There are wonderful needle towers all around which are 196 feet high from the ground. Services The church is providing regular service which includes Sunday Facilities in both Cook Island Maori and Samoan for appeasing town community. Church area is also used for many religious and cultural occasions in the town. It crowds a number of religious and educational programme for students. It also congregates the First Friends Preschool Programme in its campus. Opening hours of the church areMon: 8am-4pm, Tue: 8am-4pm Wed: 8am-4pm, Thu: 8am-4pm Sun: 8:45am-12pm. How to get there TransportationAll types of transportation facilities are available in Dunedin city. The Airport is about 30 km away from the main city and it takes 20-25 minutes to reach there by shuttle or by taxi. Although there is a railway station close to the central of the city but there are no regular and efficient railway service except some limited scenic trains. Car and bus services are most preferable by the tourists because they are less time consuming as well as easily available during visits. Accommodation There are many options for tourists for accommodation during visit of the First Church and its nearby places like Hotels and Motels, Vineyard, Farmstay, Motor Lodge and Self-Catering accommodation. Tourists can choose according to their preferences. Hotels are cheaper as compared to the other options in Otago. Nearby Places to Visit During visit of First Church, tourists can also enjoy the visit of its nearby places like Larnach Castle, Otago Museum, Toitu Otago Settlers Museum Dunedin Botanic Garden, Port Chalmers, Cadbury World, Signal Hill, Taieri Gorge Railway and Tunnel Beach near the church, Central Wine Region manufactures prize winning and high quality wines prepared from chardonnay, pinot noir, sauvignon blanc, grapes and merlot. Along with these visitors can also choose Otago Peninsula Area, Nugget Point, Queenstown Area and Mount Aspiring National Park for a natural view. References Edelheim, J. R. (2015). Tourism and Culture Change. In Tourism Attraction From Object to Narrative. Channel View Publications. Expedia. (2018). First Church of Otago. Retrieved from: https://www.expedia.co.in/First-Church-Of-Otago-Dunedin-City-Centre.d6113066.Attraction?rfrr=Redirect.From.www.expedia.com%2FFirst-Church-Of-Otago-Dunedin-City-Centre.d6113066.Vacation-AttractionHistory, N. Z. (2018). First Church of Otago. Retrieved from: https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/first-church-otagoJohannus. (2018). Ecclesia T-370 For the First Church of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Retrieved from: https://www.johannus.com/en/news/ecclesia-t-370-for-the-first-church-of-otago-dunedin-new-zealandMapquest. (2018). First Presbyterian Church of Dunedin. Retrieved from: https://www.mapquest.com/us/florida/first-presbyterian-church-of-dunedin-4796191Otago, F. C. (2018). Heritage. Retrieved from: https://www.firstchurchotago.org/heritage/ Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-30024689930796230092020-04-08T03:02:00.001-07:002020-04-08T03:02:02.958-07:00Human Development Across the Lifespan Essay ExampleHuman Development Across the Lifespan Paper psychodynamic 1. Advocates of the __________ perspective believe that much of behavior is motivated by inner, unconscious forces, memories, and conflicts of which a person has little awareness of control . social cognitive learning 2. Jerome learns about etiquette by observing how his father interacts with his mother. This type of learning can be described as________. qualitative; quantitative 3. Piagetââ¬â¢s view assuming that thinking undergoes_________ advances, but the information-processing approach assumes that development is marked by________ advances. microsystem 4. Your family, friends, and classmates are part of your: some experiments would be unethical 5. Why donââ¬â¢t lifespan researchers always use experiments? Children are more or less more of a ââ¬Å"blank slateâ⬠written on by others or the environment, rather than active participants in their development. 6. Key issues in Lifespan development includes all of the following EXCEPT Interactions with each others and society across the lifespan 8. Erik Eriksonââ¬â¢s psychosocial stages of development focus on: a critical period 9. We watched a YouTube clip of young geese imprinted on Konrad Lorenz at birth. This is an example of___________. amniocentisis 10. Which test can be used to accurately (definitively) determine the sex of the child: Poverty rates have gradually decreased in the U.S. during the last decade False a recent increase in alcohol consumption by pregnant women 12. A recent report said that maternal death rates in the U.S. are rising, and suggested that this may be due to all of the following EXCEPT: goal directed behavior 13. Baby Dionne is playing in her crib and reaches to pull back a blanket that is partially covering the teddy bear that she wants to play with. Piaget would say that this is an example of ________. secondary circular reaction 14. Ryan accidently hits his crib and it makes an interesting noise. Ryan decides to repeat the action again. This is known as ________. folic acid; spina bifida 15. Any woman who could become pregnant should be sure she gets enough _______ to prevent ________ in her infant if she did become pregnant. reaction range 16. The nature vs nurture, genetics usually set a range of possibilities called passive 17. A childââ¬â¢s biological parents (with whom she lives) chooses and educational toys for her, and because she is genetically related to them, she readily accepts and uses these objects. This is an example of the __________ genotype-environment effect. there is no scientific evidence in bonding in humans 18. Research on bonding in humans indicates that_________. depth perception 19. The visual cliff is used to test infants_________. plasticity 20. ___________ refers to the idea that a developing structure (like the young brain) or a behavior is modifiable due to experience. Has more antibodies to prevent against disease and may improve brain development Breast milk: embryonic stage 22. What is the name of the period from 2 to 8 weeks following fertilization during which significant growth occurs in the major organs and body system? polygenic inheritance 23. For many human characteristics, a combination of multiple gene pairs is involved in producing a particular characteristic. This is known as: classical conditioning 24. One- and two-day-old newborns who are stroked on the head just before breast feeding and receiving a sweet- tasting liquid soon learn to suck and turn their head at the head stroke. This is an example of: infants have rudimentary mathematical skills 25. The study illustrated in the textbook with Mickey Mouse statuettes in which the statues were hidden behind a barrier and then revealed led to the conclusion that___________. neonatal jaundice 26. Katherine was born five weeks premature. Because her liver did not work efficiently at first, she developed a yellowish tinge to her body. What is this condition? habituation 27. A newborn who shows interest and surprise at first seeing a novel toy but may not show interest after seeing the same toy several times is demonstrating what type of learning (when she no longer shows interest)? principle of heirarchial integration 28. Once Hannah has learned to control and combine the movement of her fingers, she quickly learned how to grasp and reach her rattle. This skill illustrates the: synaptic pruning 29. If a babies experience do not stimulate certain nerves or nerve connections, then these nerve connections will be eliminated, a process known as _______________. myelin 30. What is the fatty substance that help helps insulate neurons and spread the transmission of nerve impulses? rooting 35. What is the term for the reflex where the neonate tends to turn its head towards things that touch its cheek? 12 36. Babies are typically able to walk independently (i.e. without holding on to objects around __________months of age. direct motor behavior 37. Piaget argued that infants acquire knowledge through__________. infantile amnesia 38. Most people cannot remember their early childhood, a phenomenon known as________. automization 39. __________ refers to the degree to which an activity requires attention. assimilation 40. Eight-month-old Kimberly responds to her first plum by rolling it around her high chair tray as if it was her red rubber ball. This demonstrates the Piagetian process of: experimentation 41. Piaget observed his son Laurent dropping a toy swan repeatedly, varying the position from which he dropped it, [and] carefully observing each time to see where it fell. This is an example of: mental representation 42. Piaget calls an internal image of past events or objects a(n)________ deferred imitation 43. When a child is able to pretend that he/she is able to drive a car, feeding a doll, or cooking dinner after he/she has witnessed such scene, and the person the child witnessed doing the activity is no longer present, this is called: nativistic approach 44. What is the term for the theory that is genetically determined, innate mechanism directs language development (this was Chomskyââ¬â¢s theory)? Children prefer it, it is related to linguistic competence, and it is related to early acquisition of words 45. It is important to speak to your child using infant-direct speech because________. complexities 46. Contemporary approaches to infant intelligence suggest that the_________ with which infants process information may correlate most strongly with later intelligence. Their ability to use sign language starting at about 6 months and their ability to perform deferred imitation tasks earlier than Piaget believed 47. What evidence has been used to suggest that children have attained some level of symbolic representation at a younger age than Piaget had suggested? Putting a baby to sleep on its back 48. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for SIDS for babies who are less than 5 months old? mothers consumption of alcohol during pregnancy 49. The primary, PREVENTABLE cause of mental retardation is: responses to the environment 50. Dr. Brazelton developed an assessment called the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale primarily to assess: Increased cognitive abilities of the infant Emerging bonds with the parents 1. Separation anxiety and stranger anxiety that begin after the first year represent: An infant sees her fathers facial expression of encouragement and her mothers facial expression of fear 2. In which of the following scenarios is social referencing most likely to be stressful for and infant: food alone is insufficient to bring about attachment 3. Harry Harlowââ¬â¢s class study with the cloth and wire monkeys illustrates that _________ rhythmicity 4. An infant keeps a very regular schedule of hunger, sleep, and excretion. This relates to which dimension of temperament. primary circular 5. According to Piaget, an infant who at first by chance gets her thumb in her mouth and then purposefully repeats the action is exhibiting: in the first 18 months of life 6. According to Erikson, when do children pass through the trust- vs.- mistrust stage: goodness of fit 7. The term _________ reflects how well parents match or work with their childââ¬â¢s behavior. For example, my nephew had a difficult temperament but became easier over time as his mother reacted to him with warmth and consistency. In some instances is associated with abusive parenting May lead to dissocociative experiences in adolescence 8. The disorganized/disoriented attachment style_________ Sensitivity to their infants needs and desires 9. What is the hallmark of mothers of securely attached infants? reciprocal socialization 11. The process in which infants behaviors invite further responses fromâ⬠¦about the father responses from infants is________. a sense of self awareness 12. As discussed in class, a red spot was put on an elephantââ¬â¢s head and placed in front of a mirror to look at. The elephant looked at the mirror and used his trunk to touch his reflection, researchers doing this suggested that the elephant has future academic success Head Start was designed to promote_______. slow to warm 14. According to Thomas and Chess,à ¬Ã ¬Ã ¬Ã ¬Ã ¬Ã ¬__________ babies are inactive reactions to their environments and may initially withdrawn from new situations theory of mind 15. My dog Chet exhibited his own________ when he tricked the other dog for a treat by pretending there was a possum or raccoon in the back yard. play with her 16. What is Fred most likely to spend time doing with his infant daughter? fast mapping 17. What is the term for instances in which new words are associated with their brief encounter? transformation 18. A 4-year old child is asked to draw a pencil falling. The child draws the pencil falling horizontal with no stages in between. The child shows that she does not understand Most common kind of illness preschool yearsMay help children build up immunity to severe illnesses Mat promote coping skills minor illnesses such as colds No TV / 1-2 hrs. a day 20. The average preschooler watches 21 hours of TV a week, but the American Accociation of Pediatrics recommends________ for kids under 2 and ________over that. Tiny amounts of lead typically do not harm most children 21. Which of the following about lead poisoning is FALSE? spatial relationships 22. The left hemisphere of the brain becomes more specialized during the pâ⬠¦.following areas except: Increased criminal convictions by age 30, for those who like TV violence Increased bullying and aggressive behaviors An inscensitivity for the suffering of victims of violence. 23. The impacts of watching violent programs on TV includes_______. preschool years 24. Which of the following stages is a period where the general level of physical and â⬠¦are extraordinary high centration 25. Madeline is working to teach 4-year-old daughter, Eliza, how to count. She places in one row with very little space between the buttons, and the 8 buttons in another rowâ⬠¦ between the buttons; therefore, the second row is longer than the first. Then Madeline asked daughter which row has more buttons. Inevitably, Eliza chooses the second row ,â⬠¦knows that 10 is more than 8. What is this an example of? their memory is fragile and easily changed 26. Which of the following is true about childrenââ¬â¢s, particularly preschoolers eye witness testimony? they lack understanding of conservation When giving kids in the 2-7 year age range glasses of organic apple juice, it helpedâ⬠¦ same size cup because they have difficulty accepting the idea that a short, wide cup â⬠¦much as a tall skinny glass, that is________ they should begin when they show signs of readiness 28. According of the American Acadamy of Pediatrics, when should children be potty trained? Helps children solve problems and reflect on difficulties they encounter. 29. According to Vygotsky, private speech______. flexible 30. Brazelton suggests a_______ approach to toilet training. collectivism 31. _________ is a philosophy that promotes the notion of independence Try to do more and more things independently and may become frustrated and afraid to fail. Erikson says that Preschool aged children tend to: associative 33. What is the term for play in which two or more children actually interact with sharing or borrowing of materials, although they do not do the same thing? Boys are shaped more towards independence, girls towards dependence 34. In terms of gender, which of the following is TRUE? social-learning approach 35. Three-year-old Susan is exposed to repeats of older television programs whichâ⬠¦men in highly traditional roles and have a powerful influence in her identification of male behavior. The explanation for Susanââ¬â¢s gender development is based on the: Watch the kids and start doing what they are doing 36. What is a ââ¬Å"skilledâ⬠way for children to enter into group play? authoritative 37. Leo and Mary use firm control with their children but encourage communication in rule setting within the family. What is their parenting style? motivation to achieve 38. Maurice and Mary are children of authoritarian parents. They are likely toâ⬠¦ of the following characteristics (based on their gender) EXCEPT: Kids are less likely to internalize their parents rulesAre more likely to be aggressive 39. As a result of spanking, ________ cycle of violence 40. The ________ hypothesis points to the likelihood that personâ⬠¦. May turn into abusive as adults ââ¬Å"I have brown eyes and black hairâ⬠41. Jamie is a 4-year-old girl. When asked to describe herself she is most likely to say: mildly retarded 42. Ted is mentally retarded, having an IQ of 65, he is a janitor, can read and write and lives in an apartment by himself. What classification of mental retardation does he have? scaffolding 43. What is the term used to describe the support a child might receive that does something she canââ¬â¢t do independently? De-center and reverse operations 47. According to Piaget, during concrete operational stage kids first begin: fluid intelligence 48. When you are playing arcade games and attempting to drive a carâ⬠¦.the type of intelligence you would be using would be_____. sensorimotor 51. The first stage of cognitive development according to Piaget is: quantitative 54. The information processing approach emphasized changes in development is called: goal directed behavior 57. Baby Dionne is playing in her cribâ⬠¦ pull back blanket that is covering teddy bear she wants to play with.. this is an example of: direct motor behavior 58. Piaget argued that infants acquire knowledge through: accommodation 59. John makes minor changes to his schemes every time he has a newâ⬠¦called: mental representation 60. Piaget called an internal image of a past event or object a(n): tends to be increasingly related to particular competencies tends to increase during elementary school tends to decline slightly upon entering middle school Self- esteem during middle childhood for European- American kids: It protects ones self image What is the effect of making downward social comparisions? conventional morality A seventh grade student is tempted to cheat on an exam, but talks himself out of it because he is afraid he will get caught and flunk the course. The student is demonstrating: The original work was done primarily on white males and doesnââ¬â¢t fit women An individuals judgments are not the same as their actual behaviors Criticism of Kohlbergââ¬â¢s work on moral development include: Morality of nonviolence What is Carol Gilliganââ¬â¢s final stage of moral development for women? Teach kids to leave situations in which bullying can occur Teach kids to not get upset by the bullyââ¬â¢s taunts Teach them they are not responsible for the bullyââ¬â¢s behavior Which of the following can help victims stop bullying? experience sleep problems, anxiety and depression within the first 2 years tend to recover to pre-divorce levels of function within 2 years of the divorce . Most children of divorce; tend to exhibit few differences compared to other families Families with gay and lesbian parents: Girls typically fare worse once their mother has remarried 12. Which of the following is TRUE about divorce/ remarriage? expectation- outcome Barbara expected more out of one of her students because she had â⬠¦ student had excelled the previous year. When the student met her expectationsâ⬠¦ egocentrism Which of the following is a type of thinking that is evident in both early childhood: metacognition Sally is able to take her understanding of the general concepts about how a to predict how pendulums with different weights might compare. She is using: glass ceiling The_________ effect refers to the limited promotions and career advancement often faced in the workplace. HPV Which very common STI has been identified as the leading causes of cervical cancer? false consensus effect Many adolescents begin to drink because conspicuous examples of drunkenness convince them to assume that everyone is drinking heavily. This is known as: identity achievement According to James Marcia the status of adolescents who commit to a particular of crisis during which they consider various alternatives is called: personal fable . Renee engages in unprotected sexual intercourse with her boyfriend because she doesnââ¬â¢t think she can get pregnant or that she could get a sexually transmitted disease, is an example of: virginity pledges Which is NOT one of the factors attributed to the decline in teenage pregnancy rates: sex cleavage At age 13, Julie hangs out with a group which consists of all girls, which is typical for aâ⬠¦ grouping is called: socialized delinquent Jeb is psychologically normal but shoplifts when pressured by his peers. How wouldâ⬠¦ controversial Adolescents who are liked by some and disliked by others are called: form intimate relationships According to Erikson, I Early adulthood one of the major tasks is to: Girls attempt suicide more frequently than boys Which of the following is an accurate statement about adolescents suicide? Comprehensive sex education programs are less effective than abstinence Which of the following is FALSE? obsessive fantasies Bipolar disorder is typically characterized by each of the following EXCEPT: hallucinations and delusions Schizophrenia is often characterized by: may be exhibited as confussion may be exhibited may be mis diagnosed as dementia In the elderly, depression: postformal thought When Sam was an adolescent, he saw the world in terms or ââ¬Å"right or wrongâ⬠ideas he understands that what might be ââ¬Å"rightâ⬠for him might be ââ¬Å"wrongâ⬠for someone else is more relativistic thinking called: binge and purge Individuals with bulimia practical intelligence Mary is a successful cheif executive officer of a marketing firm. She gained her success by being able to learn about the norms of appropriate behavior in the firm. Mary is high in: meta-memory when studying for this exam, you likely thought about the strategies â⬠¦rehearsal or trying to come up with examples of the material. Thinking ahead is an example of_______. asthma Which of the following health problems of middle childhood has increases over the past several decades? sensorimotor The first stage of cognitive development according to Piaget: Limit where they go b/c of fear of a panic attack Individuals who have agoraphobia Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-50362144314001103832020-03-09T07:30:00.001-07:002020-03-09T07:30:03.582-07:00Richard Trevithick, Locomotive PioneerRichard Trevithick, Locomotive Pioneer Richard Trevithick was a pioneer in early steam engine technology who successfully tested the first steam-powered locomotive, but he ended his life in obscurity. Early Life Trevithick was born in Illogan, Cornwall, in 1771, the son of a Cornish mining family. Dubbed ââ¬Å"The Cornish Giantâ⬠for his height- he stood 6ââ¬â¢2â⬠, remarkably tall for the time- and for his athletic build, Trevithick was an accomplished wrestler and sportsman, but an unaccomplished scholar. He did, however, have an aptitude for math. And when he was old enough to join his father in the mining business, it was clear that this aptitude extended to the blossoming field of mine engineering, and especially in the use of steam engines. Industrial Revolution Pioneer Trevithick grew up in the crucible of the Industrial Revolution, surrounded by emerging mining technology. His neighbor, William Murdoch, was pioneering new advances in steam-carriage technology.à Steam engines were also used to pump water out of the mines.à Because James Watt already held a number of important steam-engine patents, Trevithick attempted to pioneer steam technology that didnââ¬â¢t rely on Wattââ¬â¢s condenser model.à He succeeded, but not well enough to escape Wattââ¬â¢s lawsuits and personal enmity. And while his use of high-pressure steam represented a new breakthrough, it also drew concerns about its safety. Despite setbacks which gave credibility to those concerns- one accident killed four men- Trevithick continued his work on developing a steam engine that could reliably haul cargo and passengers. He first developed an engine called The Puffing Devil, that traveled not on rails, but on roads. Its limited ability to retain steam prevented its commercial success, however. In 1804, Trevithick successfully tested the first steam-powered locomotive to ride on rails. At seven tons, however, the locomotive- called The Pennydarren- was so heavy it would break its own rails. Drawn to Peru by opportunities there, Trevithick made a fortune in mining- and lost it when he fled that countryââ¬â¢s civil war. He returned to his native England, where his early inventions had helped lay the foundation for vast advances in rail locomotive technology. Trevithicks Death and Burial I have been branded with folly and madness for attempting what the world calls impossibilities, and even from the great engineer, the late Mr. James Watt, who said to an eminent scientific character still living, that I deserved hanging for bringing into use the high-pressure engine. This so far has been my reward from the public; but should this be all, I shall be satisfied by the great secret pleasure and laudable pride that I feel in my own breast from having been the instrument of bringing forward and maturing new principles and new arrangements of boundless value to my country. However much I may be straitened in pecunary circumstances, the great honour of being a useful subject can never be taken from me, which to me far exceeds riches.- Richard Trevithick in a letter to Davies Gilbert Denied his pension by the government, Trevithick caromed from one failed financial endeavor to another. Struck by pneumonia, he died penniless and alone in bed. Only at the last minute did some of his colleagues manage to prevent Trevithickââ¬â¢s burial in a pauperââ¬â¢s grave. Instead, he was interred in an unmarked grave at a burial ground in Dartford. The cemetery closed not long after. Years later, a plaque was installed near what is believed to be the site of his grave. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-45720286304629356862020-02-21T21:54:00.001-08:002020-02-21T21:54:03.032-08:00Managing Innovation Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 wordsManaging Innovation Technology - Essay Example This could range from solving a major technological problem through a significant research programme, to simply making some minor improvements to an existing product (IPENZ 2). One example of this type of innovation is the portable MP3 player. This is basically an improvement on the compact disc player. This was market-led as there was an increasing need by the market to have this device, due to the increasing availability of downloadable files, coupled with the relatively low cost. The second is technology-led innovation. This is where a technological breakthrough, often arising from market-led innovation in another sector, creates an opportunity for a new product or service, but one that the market itself has not yet recognised. A market then needs to be developed for this innovation (IPENZ 2). An example of this type of innovation would include the in-house stereo system that is being introduced on the new housing estates in the UK. This involves speakers built into ceilings in al l rooms of house, with the main radio control centre in a central location. This means the occupants of the household, can listen to their favourite radio station, music or television programme without having to take the radio or television with them. In terms of the service sector, innovation would include applications such as the Pay Pal payment system, which is an online payment system or even online banking.For innovation to be successful it has to fulfil a number of factors. It has to have market value and to achieve this there needs to be a close link with the marketing process. There is no point in producing products if the market does not value the innovation. The innovation must be unique and protected in order to prevent competitors making any gains on it. Successful businesses rely on processes that ensure regular and constant innovation as failure is bound to happen when reliance is placed on random innovations. More and more organisations are recognising the importance of managing their innovation technology, as there are massive gains to be made in terms of copyrights and intellectual property. More importantly, they stand to attract other market segments and recognition of their efforts. The processes being employed are also relatively simple, as they entail areas such as knowledge management, and instilling a culture of openness and innovation in the organisation. Good innovation systems also focus on recruiting and retaining highly skilled and trained staff, giving them access to knowledge and then encouraging and enabling them to think and act innovatively. An effective innovation system consists of a variety of factors. The organisation must have a culture that values innovation and where staff are encouraged to think differently and take calculated risks. This requires a change in the organisational culture, as innovation cannot flourish in a static organisation or one which is heavily centralised. For innovation to work, the organisation needs to adopt a learning culture. This is essential in the current environment as the markets are relatively more unstable than they have Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-1310276678328845062020-02-05T14:41:00.001-08:002020-02-05T14:41:04.464-08:00The Triangle of Trade in the Atlantic Ocean During Colonial Times Research PaperThe Triangle of Trade in the Atlantic Ocean During Colonial Times - Research Paper Example Also known by the name Gustavus Vassa, his written account of his journey across the Atlantic Ocean has survived both himself and the period of slavery in the United States. What is written above, and the rest of the writings in his book, describe part of the journey on the harrowing ââ¬Å"middle passageâ⬠, the second of three common routes and passages aboard an ocean ship, and part of the trade route commonly known to history as the triangular trade. There were many reasons why Great Britain, as it was known at the time, chose to allow its citizens to settle in what would eventually become the United States of America. Some came for religious reasons. Other settlers boarded ships out of Great Britain seeking fortune and a better way of life. The chief driving force, however, was a movement known as mercantilism, with the belief that a nation could get rich only at the expense of another1. This principle quickly spread, and before long, Great Britain realized that it had an al most unending source of raw materials in the lands known as the colonies2. The exchange of goods, or trade, has been a staple system of the world for as long as history has been written, and even before written records occurred. The classic scenario of one person or nation having what another desired, and vice versa, has made for some of the most interesting points of history. Wars have been fought, treaties signed, and lands conquered, all for the reasoning that one group or nation wanted what another possessed. Trade was not done any differently between the colonies that would become the United States and the rest of the world in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Trade and commerce in the colonies grew and prospered, despite numerous obstacles. There was almost no currency in the colonies except for a small amount of gold and silver, and little to no information about what could be found in foreign ports or any lands abroad3. Shopkeepers were virtually in the dark about wh at went out outside of their own towns and cities. Information from what could be found in England was usually reliable, due in part to the Navigation Act of 1696 passed by the King, which declared any trade between the colonies and any other country was illegal, along with giving broad powers to customs agents in the colonies and allowing the holds of ships to be searched for illegal trade goods4. The simplest explanation for trade during this time would be that the colonies exported raw materials to Europe, such as furs, lumber, and fruit, and in turn, Europe sent manufactured goods to the colonies5. However, explanations are rarely simple, and indeed, the trade routes between the different continents across the Atlantic Ocean grew increasingly well-traveled as more and more goods were shipped from one country to another. Though illegal, traders continued to trade goods with countries such as France, Spain, Portugal, and Holland to gain greater profits6. By far, though, the most c ommon trade route referred to when mentioning trade between the British colonies across the Atlantic Ocean is the triangular trade route, which traded raw materials, goods, and slave cargoes between the colonies, Great Britain, and West Africa. The profits made from the global trade of sugar, tea, and coffee were the driving force behind the triangular trade, goods and products which had serviced the world for centuries7. Colonial entrepreneurs, especially in New England, built and operated ships Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-61388788805254524882020-01-28T09:41:00.001-08:002020-01-28T09:41:03.777-08:00Strategic Analysis Of Ryanair Competitive Advantage Management EssayStrategic Analysis Of Ryanair Competitive Advantage Management Essay Since its inception in 1985, Ryanair has grown to become the market leading European low-cost airline. This paper is an analysis of the Ryanair case study (OHiggins, 2007) and seeks to evaluate the sustainability of the strategy employed by Ryanair. It also seeks to identify areas for improvement and make recommendations given the available information. It will do this by first discussing the current strategy and performance. An analysis of the environment will then be carried out through a PESTEL analysis to identify the salient influences likely to impact on future strategy and a contextualisation of the aviation industry through the application of Porters five forces. This will be applied to the Ryanair case to see how this might have informed their current business and competitive strategy and their position in the market given the opportunities and threats revealed. The paper will then proceed with an evaluation of stakeholder management as a start point to the evaluation of the sustainability of the current strategy and recommendations on the direction and future strategy the airline might adopt. The conclusion summarises the whole piece. Ryanairs Strategic Posture From the case, it can be seen that Ryanairs corporate strategy is one of growth and expansion and its business strategy through which it seeks to gain competitive advantage is cost leadership. This is reflected in its consideration of the markets it chooses to operate in and its service offering. From the case, it is evident that the targeted market segment consists of European price sensitive customers and Ryanair positioned itself as the cheapest short haul airline. To achieve this, the airline adopted a low-price strategy which is contingent upon maintaining a low cost operation whilst achieving operating efficiency in order to satisfy customers. Ever decreasing costs was Ryanairs mantra (Johnson et al, 2008:699) showing that much focus was given to keeping costs and thus prices low and not necessarily on achieving operational efficiency, a fact confirmed by the results of the poll by TripAdvisor. It is for this reason that Ryanair constantly examined every area of its operations seeking areas to implement cost reductions or eliminations. These initiatives include: the rationalising of its fleet to minimise staff training, aircraft maintenance and fuel costs introducing a web-based self service for passengers for ticketing, check-in and priority boarding purposes to reduce the need for client facing staff and printing costs charging passengers for checked in luggage to encourage travel with fewer bags and improve on speed sticking to point to point (P2P) routes so as to eliminate passenger transfer costs servicing only short-haul routes to reduce the need for value added services to passengers. utilising secondary and regional airports to reduce airport charges. The CEO Michael O Leary also quite frequently vocalised his criticism of airport authorities and other systems especially in areas that would have a negative impact on costs. The airline was also particularly focused on generating ancillary revenues hence its constant seeking of areas to charge its passengers for any value added service like baggage, onboard meals and even for the use of a wheelchair. The policies adopted in this regard are those which had the most impact on their customer service. The underlying premise being that they positioned themselves as offering transportation and customers must bear the cost of any other service they require. The airlines strategic direction includes a mix of market penetration through which it seeks to increase its market share in its existing markets using its low fare offerings and market development by moving into other viable European markets sticking to its policy on P2P routes. Current Performance The evidence of the success of this strategy in its basic form can be seen in the financial results and in the fact that the airline has the highest market share of European low-cost carriers in terms of passenger numbers. (exhibit 2 of the case study) and in their reputation of having the best fares (OHiggins, 2007). Financially, the strategy is clearly working for them. Not only have they increased their revenue, they have also succeeded in reducing their costs thus giving them a higher profit margin year on year. Table 1 in the appendix shows that there was a 28% increase in total operating revenues from Apr 2005 to Mar 2006, however by September 2006 (half of the next fiscal year) the airline had already generated 74% of the full year revenue of the previous year. Table 3 (in the appendix) also shows that their expenses in comparison to total operating revenues also reduced thus resulting in a higher operating profit margin. This is a confirmation that not only were they carrying more passengers, their cost reducing policies were also working for them to improve their profit margin. Exhibit 1c in the case shows that some of these areas include marketing costs/scheduled revenue down by 15%, airport costs for passengers down by 7% and average staff costs down by 5% and from 2005 to 2006. In the same period, passenger numbers had increased by 26%. Ancillary revenues account for approximately 15 to 17% of revenue generated. The profitability ratios for Ryanair (table 2 in the appendix) shows a gradual increase in net operating margin. However, return on total assets and return on shareholders equity (ROE) remained constant. MACRO ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES PESTEL ANALYSIS The following PESTEL analysis identifies the key drivers for change in the macro environmental (external to the industry) factors identified in the case. Each of these macro environmental factors can influence Ryanairs strategy by being either an opportunity (O), a Threat (T) or both (B) and thus the level of success they attain. Political Government support for national carriers (T) Increasing need for security (T) Government policies and regulations e.g. The EU regulation on compensation of inconvenienced customers (T) Economic Market growth especially with expansion of the EU by addition of more countries (O) The volatility of fuel prices and currency exchange rates (B) Socio-Cultural Changes in passenger expectations and attitudes e.g. rising passenger expectations of some form of value added service even with the lowest prices (T) Long security checks and luggage restriction due security concerns leading customers to choose alternate travel methods like trains (T) Technological Technological advancements e.g. more fuel efficient engines with reduced carbon emissions.(B) Environmental Pollution issues e.g. concerns on greenhouse gases and carbon emissions and their impact on the environment (B) Energy consumption concerns (B) Legal Labour laws in differing countries affecting things like uniformity of employee contracts (T) Specific country legislations e.g. preferential airport rights for some carriers like Air France and the French airports.(T) Stringent health and safety regulations (T) MICRO ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES (INDUSTRY ANALYSIS) PORTERS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS This analysis will look at the overall competitiveness of the industry citing examples from the case for clarity. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Fuel: There are quite a number of aviation fuel suppliers however given the volatility in fuel prices, strong relationships need to be built in order to maximise the value of hedging contracts thus making supplier power high. Ryanairs fuel cost was 37% of its operating costs in 2006, 8% more than in 2005 (OHiggins, 2007). The airline will have to hedge their fuel costs. This requires experience and knowledge (OHiggins, 2007). Aircraft: Power is also high here due to high switching costs there being only 2 dominant players Boeing and Airbus. The capital requirements are also high in aircraft acquisition. Ryanairs fleet commonality policy to use only Boeing 737 planes might give them a cost advantage but it gives Boeing high power over Ryanair. Since pilots and cabin crew are all trained based on Boeing aircraft, switching costs for Ryanair to use Airbus or any other aircraft manufacturer are very high as staff would have to be trained again. Bargaining Power of Buyers This is relatively high due to low switching costs as price is the major driver and customers can easily switch to another low-fare airline. Threat of New Entrants Large initial capital investment in aircrafts is the main barrier in this industry. Unit costs for new entrants will be higher than for established airlines because of experience curve effects (Johnson et al, 2008), not only in terms of investment in non-current assets, but also the services provided by aircrafts suppliers. Other threats to new entrants include plans to tax aviation fuel within the EU by 2010, the proposed emissions trading scheme and legislation on customer compensation with a delay or cancellation of a flight. Experience curve effects give Ryanair cost advantage over any new entrants due to established relationships and existing contracts e.g. Ryanair and Boeing. Threat of Substitute Products Trains are an alternative means of transportation. This is especially critical to the short-haul and low fare airlines because evolutionary train technology is continually making train travel faster and more comfortable, and its price/performance ratio (Johnson et al, 2008) are perceived to be higher. Competitive Rivalry The case posits that the budget or low- cost airline segment is attractive based on the large number of entrants and rivals. However, of note is that as many as 50 went bankrupt indicating that getting in is easier than staying in. This indicates that competitive rivalry is extremely high and survival and profitability is based on establishing competitive advantage over rivals (MBA SAB Course Outline). The strategic groups map below illustrates Ryanairs positioning in the market based on competitive strategy. Low cost/No frills Mid Market/ Hybrid Full Service Within the strategic group, airlines which do low-cost and no frills are competing with each other. Mobility for airlines to move between groups is low. Therefore, competitive rivalry should be considered within this context. Large number of new entrants and rivals in this industry, with Ryanair and EasyJet having 55.8% market share. Competition among the other low-fare airlines could be intense due to similar size (OHiggins, 2007), but there is difficulty challenging these big two. Lack of significant differentiation between low-fare airlines, and business mode can be learnt and copied easily resulting in high pressure on price competition, which in turn constrains profitability (Johnson et al, 2008). Negotiations to maximise the benefits of the fuel price hedging will require lots of experience. The airline which is better able to hedge its fuel price will gain competitive advantage over the others in this regard. STAKEHOLDER EXPERIENCE WITH RYANAIR Consumers The results of the 2004 poll by Trip Advisor showed Ryanair was voted the worlds least favourite airline by customers. The lowest votes were in service quality specifically,, complains against Ryanair ranys in flight time and poor leg roomlegrom, Johnson et al, 2008. Otherm consumers about the airlude:wcurity, poor luggageowever scored well onRyanair was scored as the best fares. airline. Shareholders Generally, Ryanair has a lower price to earnings ratio than its peers like Easyjet. This can be seen in the fact that ROE remained fairly constant. There is however no information in the case on if Ryanair kept to its promise to remedy the situation of failing to distribute a huge cash pile to investors.own Employees They had several unsettled industrial disputes with their employees. Their employees were not allowed to have unions to represent their interest. There were complaints of staff been bullied to sign contracts against their will and there were legal actions against Ryanair for employee contract misconducts. There were complaints of poor pay and working conditions from employees. All this despite the airlines claim that their average pay was higher than any other major European airline. Media The press criticized the airline for excessive insurance charges, poor treatment of customers whose flights were cancelled, obsessive focus on price and profit with disregard to customer service. Chief of these was on, itstreatment of physically challenged passengers and charges instituted for facilities (wheelchairs) taken on board by them.for p Governments and Regulatory Bodies Ryanair had ongoing verbal battles and pending litigations with regulatory authorities. The Norwegian Consumer Protection authority had fined Ryanair sixty four thousand Euros for charging customers excessive administration fees for handling ticket cancellations. The CEO Michael OLeary had certainly put himself in the bad books of several EU commissioners who thought him arrogant, abrasive and irritating. EVALUATION: THE SUSTAINABILITY OF RYANAIRS STRATEGY team we think that the stra the short and long term and long term areis quite re will always be that segment of customers that will seek the lowest priced offerings. However, there is nd it also has a much scopeforof flexibility and agility to rious areas of the macrond micro environmentmicroenvironment especially in light of the cnstantly cons of customers. The implication of the current strategyies is quite evident in the case study, which reflect that even though thacro factors were least favourable for the company, it still however company performed performed beyond the expectations of the sharer profits. One of the key strengths of the company was in the appointment of CEO Michael OLeary as CEO., whplayed a vital role not only in understanding the dynamics of of the lines industrybut also ensured implementation of the strategy and ensuing ed key stra the company efectively. However, even though there was an indication that he was prepared to leave in 2008, there is no evidence in the case to suggest the grooming o an equally capable successor to take Ryanair to the next level.Indis should be an area of serious consideration. The sustainability of the strategy in terms of low prices is quite obvious. However, innovation and agility is very important for the rom fe as other firms may try to capture the market by adopting the same low price strategy but adding with some degree of dentiation to improve on customer satisfaction. It can be seen in the case study that the Ryanair approach is not customer centric., This is a potential thret in the future given that customers are becoming more demanding in their expectations from service providers.which can be considered as the public image of the company. Due to this over period company may lose the image in public. RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations are based on the key opportunities and threats identified in the macro environment and the issues identified with its stakeholder management and the suggestions on enhancing the sustainability of its strategy. Ryanair should continue with its growth and expansion strategy due to the market growth. The 30 aircrafts to be delivered from September 2006 is a great start to this. It should also continue with its market expansion as EU member states increase and stick to its point-to-point strategy. If fuel prices continue to rise, Ryanair should adopt charging a reasonable surcharge in order to offset some of the expense especially is all the other airlines are doing this. Fuel surcharges are becoming widely accepted by customers who are aware of the volatility of its prices and how it affects airlines. The term reasonable is used as they need to do this whilst still offering the lowest prices available for passengers. They could also carry out Public enlightenment campaigns to inform stakeholders of their challenges with airport, fuel and other charges to gain sympathy. Continue with the acquisition of new fuel efficient and environmental friendly aircrafts which will in the long run reduce their liability on the soon to be proposed emissions bill. It will also improve on their public image with regards to CSR issues. Continue to challenge unreasonable taxes levied by Governments but in a more consultative manner. Reduce its focus on generating ancillary revenue but instead focus on costless or low cost initiatives to improve customer perceptions and thus satisfaction. In this regard the airline should also segment the identified opportunities to generate ancillary revenues and assess the long term impact on the company e.g. not charging wheelchair passengers for the use of their wheelchairs could have been used to improve the image of the company in terms of customer care Improve their relationship with employees and employment conditions (pay, benefits and cut down restrictions) to reduce staff turnover which will further reduce staff costs in the long run. Assign resources to improve their public and brand image, this can be outsourced to professionals. Engage in cheap advertisement like providing promotional tickets for Journalists and regulatory bodies to see the improvement in their operations. This will improve both their brand and public image. Perhaps the biggest recommendation is in the grooming of and eventual appointment of a new CEO with a more charismatic personality than Michael OLeary whose first priority would be the settlement of outstanding litigation and improving the airlines relationship with stakeholders. One whose outlook is that outright confrontation is not the only way to manage expected or required change. Conclusion According to Grant (2010), on performance diagnosis: if profit performance is unsatisfactory then there is a need to identify the sources of poor performance in order to take corrective action. However, with the Ryanair case, it is obvious that there is satisfactory profit performance and this may lead to a form of inertia with regards to addressing other issues which in the long run could lead to losses. Ryanair will have to look into the future identifying factors that would threaten its performance or could even create opportunities for increased profit. According to Grant (2010:49), there is a need to look into the ultimate drivers of profitability and to ask pertinent questions: What will be happening in the industry in terms of competition and customer demand? Which companies will possess the capabilities needed to establish competitive advantage in tomorrows markets? Grant (2010:65) also posits that the prerequisite for profit is the creation of value for the customer. We have been limited in the case due to a lack of information on whether or not Ryanair uses a balanced scorecard to set and evaluate performance targets as the 4 elements of the balanced scorecard will ensure that they have a well rounded implementation of their strategy in every area of their business and would also establish targets and provide a mode of evaluation consistent with their strategy. This would tie in current policies and all recommendations made into one cohesive document for the company. Appendix Table : Revenue comparison for Ryanair 2005 to 2006 Currency is Euros Half-year to 30 Sept. 2006 Proportion of Half year to Full year Full year to 31 Mar 2006 Growth or Decline vly Full year to 31 Mar 2005 Operating revenues Scheduled revenues 1,092,102 76% 1,433,377 27% 1,128,116 Ancillary revenues 164,321 63% 259,153 36% 190,921 Total operating revenues 1,256,423 74% 1,692,530 28% 1,319,037 Source: Johnson et al, 2008 p. 696 Table : Profitability Ratios for Ryanair Column1 Half-year to 30 Sep. 2006 Full year to 31 Mar 2006 Full year to 31 Mar 2005 Profitability Ratios Net Operating Margin 26% 18% 21% Return on Total Assets 7% 7% 7% Return on Equity 14% 15% 16% Formulae Used: Proportion of half year to full year (%) = x 100 Growth or Decline vly = x 100 Net Operating Margin(%) = x 100 Return on Total Assets (%) = x 100 Return on Equity (%) = x 100 Table : Common-size statement analysis for Ryanair expenses 2005 2006 Currency is Euros Half-year to 30 Sep. 06 Expense as % of Revenue Full year to 31 Mar.06 Expense as % of Revenue Full year to 31 Mar.05 Expense as % of Revenue Total operating revenues 1,256,423 1,692,530 1,319,037 Operating expenses Staff costs 113,844 9% 171,412 10% 141,673 11% Depreciation 71,622 6% 124,405 7% 110,357 8% Fuel and oil 337,042 27% 462,466 27% 265,276 20% Maintenance, materials and repairs 21,313 2% 37,417 2% 26,280 2% Marketing and distribution costs 11,608 1% 13,912 1% 19,622 1% Aircraft rentals 25,394 2% 47,376 3% 21,546 2% Route charges 98,384 8% 164,577 10% 135,672 10% Airport and handling charges 139,097 11% 216,301 13% 178,384 14% Other 52,312 4% 79,618 5% 79,489 6% Total operating expenses 870,616 69% 1,317,484 78% 978,299 74% Operating profit -continuing operations 385,807 31% 375,046 22% 340,738 26% Source: Johnson et al, 2008 p.696 Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-40909499692590835822020-01-20T06:05:00.001-08:002020-01-20T06:05:02.618-08:00plotlear King Lear Essays: Importance of the Parallel Plot in King Lea Importance of the Parallel Plot in King Lear Literature can be expressed using many different techniques and styles of writing, some very effective and others not as much. One of the methods chosen by many is the use of so called "parallel" plots. "Parallel" plots, or sometimes referred to as minor, give the opportunity of experiencing a secondary storyline going along with the main plot that otherwise would be unmentioned. William Shakespeare shows excellent use of a parallel plot in his play "King Lear", but some question it's essentiality by asking: Is it really necessary? Does it help the story or does it degrade it? Is the Gloucester's plot really needed? Many argue that it is very important and others say it is completely useless. This essay will try to prove that the parallel plot used in "King Lear" is needed and it adds to overall value of the play. Like any other kind of literature "King Lear" contains many themes; one of which is the "parent-child relationship" conflict. Relationship problems are very common, not only in novels but also in everyday life. Lear starts the entire dilemma of hate and destruction by his foolish desire for flattery. He divides his kingdom between two of his daughters and the never ending crave for power and wealth begins. As we can assume from the play's title, Lear and his daughters are part of the main plot. The plot of Gloucester and his sons, is considered parallel. Gloucester is portrayed also with family problems. He experiences trouble with his two sons, Edgar and... ...noring it would be negligent. It is a very important part of "King Lear" and it serves a great purpose. If William Shakespeare ignored the plot in the first place, his point would not be passed through at the level it is passed on now. I am sure Shakespeare knew it very well that Gloucester's character and actions help to understand the play better and improve it. The answer to many who question the parallel plot and it's presence is simple. The plot is necessary and without it, the play would not reach the position at which it stands right now. William Shakespeare was aware that by including the so called parallel plot, he was increasing the value of his own work. Gloucester's plot is one of the essential parts of the entire play. Removal or ignorance of it will diminish the significance of the entire idea. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-36526701677532748552020-01-12T02:28:00.001-08:002020-01-12T02:28:05.898-08:00Evolution of Leadership ModelsWhat is leadership? And how has the theory on leadership developed? Greenwood (1993) paints an interesting if somewhat surprising picture as he reviews the development of leadership theory from the turn of the twentieth century onward. Greenwood (1993) describes how in the early 1900s the Father of Scientific Management, Frederick Taylor while not directly writing about leadership in his description of the role of the supervisor introduced the matter of traits and its link to situation.He did so as he described the ideal traits to be found in an effective foreman even while acknowledging that no one person would have all those characteristics and so there was the need for by dividing the work into specialized areas. Further, from the nineteenth century Thomas Carlyle examined the characteristics of great men ââ¬Å"positing that the rise to power is rooted in a heroic set of personal talents, skills or physical characteristicsâ⬠(Heifetz, 1998:16).At the start of the twentieth c entury, other scholars (Bird, 1940, Tead and Metcalf, 1920, Barnard, 1938), also affirmed that successful managers have certain traits. However, in 1948 Stogdillââ¬â¢s seminal work highlighted the inconsistencies in the trait theory studies significantly dismantled the theory noting that: The evidence suggests that leadership is a relation that exists between persons in a social situation, and that persons who are leaders in one situation may not necessarily be leaders in other situationsâ⬠¦. Stogdill, 1974 cited in Greenwood, 1993:7Interestingly, Davis (1934) referring to traits noted there was no checklist for success but stated that leadership characteristic ââ¬Å"they are necessarily a function of the characteristics and requirements of the leader and the particular situation, as well as the innate capacities of the executive himselfâ⬠(Davis, 1937 cited in Greenwood, 1993:8). By 1955 Koontz and Oââ¬â¢Donnell building on his work posited that the trait theory was of little promise noting that leadership involved the power of persuasion upon followers and that the quality of leadership was impacted by certain nvironmental factors. Leadership theory was also influenced by human relation considerations, which emerged around about the same time. These thinkers made the link with leadership as it relates to the leaderââ¬â¢s ability to connect with people, to empathise, develop teams and to delegate and emphasized that the follower was central and leadership focused on the needs of the follower. So while the movement did not develop a leadership theory it introduced the linkage between individual needs, observations and group dynamics and appropriate styles of leadership behavior.Blake and Mouton challenged Davisââ¬â¢s theory of behavior stating that ââ¬Å"the dimensions needed for an effective description of operational conduct are attitudinal variables, not behavior variablesâ⬠(cited in Greenwood, 1993:13). Using the managerial gri d and attitudinal variables the writers posited that there was one best way to lead but differing tactics depending on the situation. This premise is not supported by the situational theory, which focuses on many leadership styles which depends on the situation.In many ways situational theory is a convergence of many schools of thought; although the path to its development has been ââ¬Ëmessyââ¬â¢ and sometimes circuitous. The theory is based on ââ¬Å"leadership effectiveness â⬠¦ strongly tied to a leader being demanding and simultaneously sensitive to the needs of the followersâ⬠(Greenwood, 1993:14). It predicts leadership performance based on interaction between leadership personality and the leaders control of the situation. In this regard, the theory is a variance with Blake and Moutonââ¬â¢s view of one best style.Tannenbaum and Schmidtââ¬â¢s (1973 ) classical work supports the contingency theory and described seven leadership styles, which were employed de pending on interrelatedness of three key issues: forces in the manger, the subordinate and the situation. As noted by the writers. the successful manager of men can be primarily characterized neither as a strong leader nor as a permissive one. Rather, he is one who maintains a high batting average in accurately assessing the forces that determine what his most appropriate behavior at any given time. Tannenbaum and Schmidt (1973:180) Situational Model versus LMXThe situational approach has evolved into a situational leadership model, which combines the four styles of leadership linked with the nature of the task and the performance readiness of the individuals to determine the most appropriate leadership style. Performance readiness is based on two principal issues ability and willingness. By combining the leadership styles with performance readiness continuum matrix one is able to match performance readiness with leadership style. So for instance a low performance readiness (R1) wou ld require a telling style (S1) (Hersey, Blanchard & Johnson, 2008).The work of Armenakis, Harris & Mossholder (1993) writing on creating readiness for organisational change provide a framework of readiness and urgency, which is related to the Situational Model and supports the premise that readiness is linked to leadership style. On the other hand, the LMX theory (Graen & Uhl-Bien, 1995) is a more recent theory, which examines the three domains of leadership; that is leader, follower and relationship in order to increase predictability of leadership practices. It incorporates operations and relationship in the leadership process.However, Stage 3 Leadership Making and Stage 4 ââ¬â Team Making two important elements of the leadership process are still evolving. In my opinion, while the concepts are of interest it has not yet matured sufficient to be a useful tool when compared to the Situational Model. In summary, the situational model while not the end all and be all of leadersh ip theory provides a useful tool for practitioners to apply in their professional practice. Concluding remarks I am amazed at the state of leadership theory despite the many years of intense study. Such is the complexity of the issue.In my own professional practice I often adopt a leadership style that is in line with the contingency theory. With my team the style based on the model tends to be S2 while with some of the pilots countries where there is a concern with preparedness ranging between R1 and R2 I tend to adopt a telling or selling leadership style. Additionally, given the time limitation on the project readiness of the stakeholders can generally be described as low readiness/high urgency. I am not in apposition to replace staff so I will have to rethink my communication strategy ( Armenakis, Harris & Mossholder, 1993).I start where I began what is leadership? In a sense I know more about what leadership is not. It is not about traits or personalities nor is it leader focus ed. Leadership in many ways is still an art, it is relational, reflexive, intuitive and is a state within, which the leader and follower are inextricably linked. Denise Forrest Bibliography Armenakis, A. A. , Harris, S. G. & Mossholder, K. W. (1993) ââ¬ËCreating readiness for organizational changeââ¬â¢, Human Relations, 46 (6), pp. 681-703. Graen, G. B. , & Uhl-Bien, M. 1995) ââ¬ËRelationship-based approach to leadership: development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: applying a multi-level multi-domain perspectiveââ¬â¢, The Leadership Quarterly, 6 (2), pp. 219-247. Greenwood, R. G. (1993) ââ¬ËLeadership theory: a historical look at its evolutionââ¬â¢,Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 1 (1), pp. 4-19, Heifetz, R. A. (1998) ââ¬ËValues in leadershipââ¬â¢. In: Leadership without easy answers. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, pp. 13-27. Hersey, P. , Blanchard, K. H. & Johnson, D. E. (2008) ââ¬ËS ituational leadershipà ®Ã¢â¬â¢: In: Management of organizational behavior: leading human resources. 9th ed. New York: Pearson International, pp. 132-157. Leana, C. R. (1986) ââ¬ËPredictors and consequences of delegationââ¬â¢, Academy of Management Journal, 29 (4), pp. 754-774. Raelin, J. A. (2003) Creating leaderful organizations: how to bring outleadership in everyone. San Francisco, California: Berrett-Koehler. Tannenbaum, R. & Schmidt, W. H. (1973) ââ¬ËHow to choose a leadership patternââ¬â¢, Harvard Business Review, 51 (3), pp. 162-180. Evolution of Leadership Models What is leadership? And how has the theory on leadership developed? Greenwood (1993) paints an interesting if somewhat surprising picture as he reviews the development of leadership theory from the turn of the twentieth century onward. Greenwood (1993) describes how in the early 1900s the Father of Scientific Management, Frederick Taylor while not directly writing about leadership in his description of the role of the supervisor introduced the matter of traits and its link to situation.He did so as he described the ideal traits to be found in an effective foreman even while acknowledging that no one person would have all those characteristics and so there was the need for by dividing the work into specialized areas. Further, from the nineteenth century Thomas Carlyle examined the characteristics of great men ââ¬Å"positing that the rise to power is rooted in a heroic set of personal talents, skills or physical characteristicsâ⬠(Heifetz, 1998:16).At the start of the twentieth c entury, other scholars (Bird, 1940, Tead and Metcalf, 1920, Barnard, 1938), also affirmed that successful managers have certain traits. However, in 1948 Stogdillââ¬â¢s seminal work highlighted the inconsistencies in the trait theory studies significantly dismantled the theory noting that: The evidence suggests that leadership is a relation that exists between persons in a social situation, and that persons who are leaders in one situation may not necessarily be leaders in other situationsâ⬠¦. Stogdill, 1974 cited in Greenwood, 1993:7Interestingly, Davis (1934) referring to traits noted there was no checklist for success but stated that leadership characteristic ââ¬Å"they are necessarily a function of the characteristics and requirements of the leader and the particular situation, as well as the innate capacities of the executive himselfâ⬠(Davis, 1937 cited in Greenwood, 1993:8). By 1955 Koontz and Oââ¬â¢Donnell building on his work posited that the trait theory was of little promise noting that leadership involved the power of persuasion upon followers and that the quality of leadership was impacted by certain nvironmental factors. Leadership theory was also influenced by human relation considerations, which emerged around about the same time. These thinkers made the link with leadership as it relates to the leaderââ¬â¢s ability to connect with people, to empathise, develop teams and to delegate and emphasized that the follower was central and leadership focused on the needs of the follower. So while the movement did not develop a leadership theory it introduced the linkage between individual needs, observations and group dynamics and appropriate styles of leadership behavior.Blake and Mouton challenged Davisââ¬â¢s theory of behavior stating that ââ¬Å"the dimensions needed for an effective description of operational conduct are attitudinal variables, not behavior variablesâ⬠(cited in Greenwood, 1993:13). Using the managerial gri d and attitudinal variables the writers posited that there was one best way to lead but differing tactics depending on the situation. This premise is not supported by the situational theory, which focuses on many leadership styles which depends on the situation.In many ways situational theory is a convergence of many schools of thought; although the path to its development has been ââ¬Ëmessyââ¬â¢ and sometimes circuitous. The theory is based on ââ¬Å"leadership effectiveness â⬠¦ strongly tied to a leader being demanding and simultaneously sensitive to the needs of the followersâ⬠(Greenwood, 1993:14). It predicts leadership performance based on interaction between leadership personality and the leaders control of the situation. In this regard, the theory is a variance with Blake and Moutonââ¬â¢s view of one best style.Tannenbaum and Schmidtââ¬â¢s (1973 ) classical work supports the contingency theory and described seven leadership styles, which were employed de pending on interrelatedness of three key issues: forces in the manger, the subordinate and the situation. As noted by the writers. the successful manager of men can be primarily characterized neither as a strong leader nor as a permissive one. Rather, he is one who maintains a high batting average in accurately assessing the forces that determine what his most appropriate behavior at any given time. Tannenbaum and Schmidt (1973:180) Situational Model versus LMXThe situational approach has evolved into a situational leadership model, which combines the four styles of leadership linked with the nature of the task and the performance readiness of the individuals to determine the most appropriate leadership style. Performance readiness is based on two principal issues ability and willingness. By combining the leadership styles with performance readiness continuum matrix one is able to match performance readiness with leadership style. So for instance a low performance readiness (R1) wou ld require a telling style (S1) (Hersey, Blanchard & Johnson, 2008).The work of Armenakis, Harris & Mossholder (1993) writing on creating readiness for organisational change provide a framework of readiness and urgency, which is related to the Situational Model and supports the premise that readiness is linked to leadership style. On the other hand, the LMX theory (Graen & Uhl-Bien, 1995) is a more recent theory, which examines the three domains of leadership; that is leader, follower and relationship in order to increase predictability of leadership practices. It incorporates operations and relationship in the leadership process.However, Stage 3 Leadership Making and Stage 4 ââ¬â Team Making two important elements of the leadership process are still evolving. In my opinion, while the concepts are of interest it has not yet matured sufficient to be a useful tool when compared to the Situational Model. In summary, the situational model while not the end all and be all of leadersh ip theory provides a useful tool for practitioners to apply in their professional practice. Concluding remarks I am amazed at the state of leadership theory despite the many years of intense study. Such is the complexity of the issue.In my own professional practice I often adopt a leadership style that is in line with the contingency theory. With my team the style based on the model tends to be S2 while with some of the pilots countries where there is a concern with preparedness ranging between R1 and R2 I tend to adopt a telling or selling leadership style. Additionally, given the time limitation on the project readiness of the stakeholders can generally be described as low readiness/high urgency. I am not in apposition to replace staff so I will have to rethink my communication strategy ( Armenakis, Harris & Mossholder, 1993).I start where I began what is leadership? In a sense I know more about what leadership is not. It is not about traits or personalities nor is it leader focus ed. Leadership in many ways is still an art, it is relational, reflexive, intuitive and is a state within, which the leader and follower are inextricably linked. Denise Forrest Bibliography Armenakis, A. A. , Harris, S. G. & Mossholder, K. W. (1993) ââ¬ËCreating readiness for organizational changeââ¬â¢, Human Relations, 46 (6), pp. 681-703. Graen, G. B. , & Uhl-Bien, M. 1995) ââ¬ËRelationship-based approach to leadership: development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: applying a multi-level multi-domain perspectiveââ¬â¢, The Leadership Quarterly, 6 (2), pp. 219-247. Greenwood, R. G. (1993) ââ¬ËLeadership theory: a historical look at its evolutionââ¬â¢,Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 1 (1), pp. 4-19, Heifetz, R. A. (1998) ââ¬ËValues in leadershipââ¬â¢. In: Leadership without easy answers. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, pp. 13-27. Hersey, P. , Blanchard, K. H. & Johnson, D. E. (2008) ââ¬ËS ituational leadershipà ®Ã¢â¬â¢: In: Management of organizational behavior: leading human resources. 9th ed. New York: Pearson International, pp. 132-157. Leana, C. R. (1986) ââ¬ËPredictors and consequences of delegationââ¬â¢, Academy of Management Journal, 29 (4), pp. 754-774. Raelin, J. A. (2003) Creating leaderful organizations: how to bring outleadership in everyone. San Francisco, California: Berrett-Koehler. Tannenbaum, R. & Schmidt, W. H. (1973) ââ¬ËHow to choose a leadership patternââ¬â¢, Harvard Business Review, 51 (3), pp. 162-180. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-50629288041555718512020-01-03T22:50:00.001-08:002020-01-03T22:50:04.220-08:00A Brief Note On The Civil Rights Movement - 1269 Words The civil rights movement accomplished much from 1954-1968. Faced with a wall of blatant racism and discrimination activist were still able to fight segregation, get African Americans in the South involved with the voting process, and be a starting point and a model for other social movements later in our countryââ¬â¢s history. The most noteworthy parts of this movement are its successes when faced with systemic marginalization and violence. The first accomplishment of the civil rights movement involved attempting and sometimes succeeding in desegregating buses, schools, and lunch counters. Anne Moody was involved in the first Woolworthââ¬â¢s sit-in and the terror and violence she described is something that would have shaken up a group that was less committed to social justice. At one point, Moody was slapped in the face and then thrown by ââ¬Å"man who worked in the storeâ⬠¦against an adjoining counter.â⬠Similarly, activists who tried to desegregate other institut ions and establishments met similar violence. Melba Pattilo Beals also face similar discrimination when she and a group of other African American students tried to desegregate Central High School in Little Rock Alabama. At one point, Beals is locked in a bathroom stall and toilet paper that is on fire is thrown down into the stall hurting and scaring her. What is worse about the situation is that when the Alabama National Guard was called in to help, most of them just stood by and let the African Americans be taunted and evenShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Civil Rights Movement1745 Words à |à 7 Pagesof our histories are movements that came about to change the way certain people were being treated. What caused the Civil Rights Movement to slow and splinter in the mid-to-late 1960s? One movement, in particular, is the Civil Rights Movement, this movement, in summary, is about reach equality for the black community and stop separation from having certain opportunities as whites did. I want to walk through the ins and outs of the slow and splinter of the Civil Rights Movement in the mid-to-late 1960sRead MoreA Brief Note On The Civil Rights Movement1429 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction The Civil Rights Movement ended in 1968, ending segregation between whites and blacks. People back then saw it as the ending of racism in America. The majority of the population would say today that racism is still a problem whether it is racist remarks being said, police brutality towards other races, bullying because of one s race, and many other examples. Racism today is not only with an issue with blacks but all races in America are impacted by racism. This should be a thing ofRead MoreThe Importance of Sit-Ins to the Black Civil Rights Movement Essay1271 Words à |à 6 Pages Civil disobedience was key in the pursuit of equality for African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement. Through forms of peaceful protest, African Americans were able to bring to light the socio-economic inequalities they faced and forced the government and general public to do something about it. Sit-ins, one method of practicing civil disobedience, took root in the early 1960s and quickly beca me a popular and effective form of peaceful protest. James Baldwin makes a very brief noteRead MoreEssay about 1960 Time Capsule1584 Words à |à 7 Pages http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/from-the-archive-blog/2011/nov/22/jfk-assassination-tragedy-world-archive Late in his brief term of a thousand days, Kennedy took up the civil rights issue because of the increased in violence in some of the southern states. He called for increased federal power so that voting rights could be enforced. The major civil rights acts included public accommodations opening and an end to job discrimination. (Salem, 2009) After the Bay of Pigs incident he becameRead MoreOstracism And Discrimination953 Words à |à 4 Pagesof blacks, ...denial of rights to women, the murders of gay men. (3-4)â⬠Occurring in many horrid forms, the different ways of discrimination Quindlen mentions are just a few. As a result, discrimination causes enormous trouble and tension for the country as people that are ââ¬Å"differentâ⬠from everyone else are ostracized, and in many cases, murdered because of their skin color. Additionally, the Civil War war partially caused because of discrimination against blacks. The Civil War was originally startedRead MoreAnalyzing Racial Inequality : Past, Present, And Future Essay1521 Words à |à 7 Pagespresent, but he does not propose any solutions on how to handle the situation of race moving forward into the future, which was unfortunate to me as a reader. Ta-Nehisi Coates wrote Between the World and Me as a letter to his son, Samori. He offers a brief history of racial problems in the past and how they are still a relevant topic in the present. Coates does not present solutions to his son on how to solve the ongoing issue of race, but he does make him aware that inhabiting a black body can causeRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Reagan Revolution1592 Words à |à 7 Pagesand would continue to run on Kennedyââ¬â¢s platform, thus continuing the liberal movements for equal rights. Johnson easily wins the 64ââ¬â¢ election with this momentum, and his promise of the ââ¬Å"Great Societyâ⬠to help all those in need, not to mention his government mandate to garner support. This creates a relatively liberal population in the country, with the majority of Americans supporting some form of a Civil Rights Movement, as the horrors of racism are brought to light via television. It is this strongRead MoreRock And Roll : Rock Roll1169 Words à |à 5 Pagesartists in Rock-n-Roll who will always live on in their music. Many teenagers were also to identify it due to its rebellious nature their disapproval of the cold war. Towards the end of the 1950s, Rock-n-Roll was ending on a particularly bad note, with a brief decline: ââ¬Å"Chuck berry was on the verge of being convicted for having transported a minor across state lines; Elvis was in the army; Little Richard had left popular music for the ministry, Jerry Lee Lewis had effectively been black listed forRead MoreLa Flor de Un Sexenio by Jennifer Rae Accettola: Article Analysis1389 Words à |à 6 Pagesmakes it an unlikely candidateâ⬠. The excerpt begins by providing a brief explanation of gender quotas, the variety of gender quota laws and a background explaining the reasons to which a country may adopt gender quota legislation. This, to which she lays the foundation for her analysis of the Mexican Gender Quota Law. Through Baldez research in existing arguments attempting to explain the ââ¬Ëout of characterââ¬â¢ legislation, she notes five explanations the legislation can be attributed to: electoral storyRead MoreEssay The History of Rock and Roll1033 Words à |à 5 Pagesartists in Rock-n-Roll who will always live on in their music.Ma ny teenagers were also to identify it due to its rebellious nature their disapproval of the cold war. Towards the end of the 1950s, Rock-n-Roll was ending on a particularly bad note, with a brief decline: ââ¬Å"Chuck berry was on the verge of being convicted for having transported a minor across state lines; Elvis was in the army; Little Richard had left popular music for the ministry, Jerry Lee Lewis had effectively been black listed for Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-24175397791168503572019-12-26T19:17:00.001-08:002019-12-26T19:17:03.020-08:00The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks - 2057 Words The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, now referred to as 9/11, were a series of coordinated, well-planned suicide attacks that involved the use of hijacked passenger jets as a means of destruction . The suicide bombers used the passenger jets as bombs, and ran into the World Trade Center Towers of New York, the Pentagon, and a fourth plane that did not make it to its destination, hit the ground in Pennsylvania. These sudden attacks came as a shock to the people and government of the USA. The attacks affected not only the United States, but the entire world felt the aftershock of the event. It specifically affected the United States economy and sent it on a downward spiral. It had a huge impact on people emotionally. The mostâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦265 people died on the hijacked planes, 2650 people died from inside the World Trade Centers, 343 firefighters died while trying to save others, and 125 people died at the Pentagon. Days after the twin towers had collapsed people were still searching for the miracle of hope, that they would once again find their loved ones alive. Amidst all the panic, it was hard for people to step back and realize that there was a very slim chance that they would find the person they were looking for. The after-effects of the tragedy involved searching for bodies amongst the rubble of what was left of the World Trade Center Towers and of the Pentagon. As people witnessed the first and second planes fly into the trade centers, they saw the buildings shatter to pieces, and watched as people desperate to escape from the peril jumped out into the streets below. It was hard to put all of these images behind them. These images affect the way the human mind functions. Humans are a unique species, one that feels sorrow, pain, and loss. The psychological effects of such trauma will affect people for the rest of their lives. The effects of 9/11 did lots of damage as it tore the country apart over racism, but it also brought the people of the United States together. Almost all Americans felt prouder than ever about the country they lived in. Surveys showcased that patriotic feelings were higher than ever before among all ethnic groups. People from all over America came down to New York andShow MoreRelatedAfter The Terrorist Attacks On September 11, 2001, The1876 Words à |à 8 PagesAfter the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the United States has engaged in the global war against terrorism. One of the ways that the United States has engaged in this war is through drone strikes. Drones, otherwise less commonly known as UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) or RPAs (Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems) are the subject of debate all around the globe. They were pioneered by former president George W. Bush and became more popular by the use of former president Barack Obama. Drone strikesRead MoreThe September 1 1, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on America: The Division of Nations and Views1672 Words à |à 7 PagesThe September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on America divided two nations, yet knit one closer like the attacks on Pearl Harbor. There were many events that lead up to 9/11 that were only the beginning. The attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001 was the finale. George Bush wrote in his diary, ââ¬Å"The Pearl Harbor of the 21st century happened todayâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (George Bush). This attack was a surprise, just like Pearl Harbor, but the U.S. reacted swiftly and effectively. The appalling events Now, more than aRead MoreSeptember 11, 2001, is a date that will forever be remembered not because of the terrorists that1400 Words à |à 6 PagesSeptember 11, 2001, is a date that will forever be remembered not because of the terrorists that attacked America, but for the patriots who sacrificed their lives to save hundreds of innocent people. 9/11 is an attack by Islamic hijackers. The main strike is on the World Trade Centers. There were four planes included in the invasions. They included: Flight 93, Flight 11, Flight 175, and Flight 77. After the raids America had some plans and new thoughts. During the attacks, the motives that the terroristsRead MoreThe Tragedy That Was 9/111677 Words à |à 7 Pageseconomical distress, the attacks on the World Trade Centers on September 11, 2001 opened the eyes of Americans to the threat of terrorism. As the world watched, three planes were flown into each of the World Trade Centers and the Pentagon. The unexpected attack stunned americans everywhere and sent them into a feeling of confusion and want for those responsible to be punished. After investigation, it was discovered that those responsible were members of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda ledRead MoreEffects of 9/11 on American Economy Essay625 Words à |à 3 PagesThe September 11 attacks were set of four terrorist attacks controlled by al-Qaeda, an Islamic terrorist group. On September 11, 2001, four aircrafts were hijacked by the terrorists; two of the planes hit Twin towers in New York, third hit the Pentagon and the fourth one crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania (ââ¬Å"9/11 Attacksâ⬠). The September 11 attacks had several long-term negative effects that include Social effects, Psychological effects, Physical health effects, Economic effects andRead MoreGeorge W1136 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿George W. Bush September 20, 2011 Address to Congress On September 11, 2001 the American nation was shaken with news of a terrorist attack on the World Trade Center towers in New York City. Fear and panic commandeered the spirits of American citizens as they awaited to hear if their loved one had perished, if another attack had been planned for somewhere else in the United States, and how their nation would rise from the ashes to face another tomorrow. Not only had their nation been attacked, butRead MoreThe Attack On The World Trade Center1455 Words à |à 6 PagesOn September 11, 2001 there was a major occurrence that changed New York City. It all started with four hijacked planes that took off at 8:45am on a Tuesday morning. As those planes took off, and were hijacked, they took down a major economic building, The World Trade Center. The Twin Towers were the key success to The World Trade Center complex, the North Tower stood at 1,268 feet and The South Tower stood at 1,362 feet high. The tallest buildings in New York City held 35, 000 people each, alongRead MoreThe Attack On September 111349 Words à |à 6 PagesThe attack on September 11, 2001 is defined as a group of Islamic terrorist who are believed to be members of the al-Qaeda, attacking the Pentagon and the World Trade Center, also known as the Twin Towers, by hijacking four commercial airlines. Only three of the four attacks succeed. This is considered a terrorist attack to most of us. From this incident we can define terrorism as a well-planned violent attack that targets innocent people to send a political message by planting fear not just to theRead MoreWhat Happened in September 11th, 2001 Essay889 Words à |à 4 Pages September 11th, 2001 What happened on September 11th, 2001? A day that will be remembered and never forgotten, a day that many innocent people died because of a terrible tragedy that happened on September 11th, 2001 at the World Trade Center in New York City. To many people it probably just looked like another regular work day, but didnââ¬â¢t expect the worst that day. On September 11, 2001, nearly 3,000 people were killed in the terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center in New York City (â⬠11Read MoreTerrorist Attacks on 9/11 Part 1 Essay1175 Words à |à 5 PagesTerrorist Attacks on 9/11 Case Study The attacks of 9/11 changed the way that the world, and especially the United States, views and reacts to terrorism. The four coordinated attacks were thought out and launched by an Islamic terrorist group known as al-Qaeda. These attacks killed almost 3,000 people and caused close to 10 billion dollars in damages. The casualties and costs are considerably high if the fight against terrorism and those that have fought in the war on terrorism are taken into Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-60899054813220061772019-12-18T15:06:00.001-08:002019-12-18T15:06:03.613-08:00Childbirth During The Nineteenth Century Essay - 1330 Words The idea of childbirth has been viewed in three peculiar ways: a social natural occurrence, as a passage to an early death, and in present times a medical procedure needed when having children. In the seventieth and eighteenth century childbirth was seen as a social celebration conducted by midwives, while in the nineteenth century fear of death arose due to an increase of maternal mortality rates. This time period also served as a transition time between the elimination of the midwife and the emergence of the physician. The transition was due to attitude changes and knowledge understanding. During the twentieth century, medical knowledge expanded and thus the idea of childbirth was medicalized into a medical procedure needed to have healthy children. Childbirth once seen as a natural phenomenon was now an event that needed medical attention by health facilitators at institutions of health. The ideas around childbirth developed based on the knowledge, cultural setting, mortality rate s, and professionals available at the time. Based on these ideas it is easy to see how social and behavioral aspects influenced childbirth throughout the seventeenth, eighteenth, ninetieth and twentieth centuries. In addition, the communitiesââ¬â¢ views on childbirth were influenced by the development of public health infrastructure, public health policy advancement and how well public officials were able to disseminate information. In the colonial era, the majority of women spent their livesShow MoreRelatedThe Idea Of Childbirth Over Time Essay1611 Words à |à 7 PagesThe idea of childbirth over time has been viewed in at least three different ways: as a social natural occurrence; as a passage to an early death; and in present times as a medical procedure needed when having children. In the seventeenth and eighteenth century childbirth was seen as a social celebration conducted by midwives, while in the nineteenth century fear of death arose due to an increase of maternal mor tality rates. This time period also served as a transition time between the eliminationRead MoreWolffs Analysis of Chopins The Awakening647 Words à |à 3 Pagesnot only Ednas motivations, but also those of nineteenth-century women in general. According to Wolff, Ednas repression can be traced to the gender crisis that developed within the Presbyterian church during the nineteenth-century. Unlike the Puritans who believed that female sexuality had to be controlled, Victorian Calvinistic-Presbyterians argued that respectable women possessed no sexual feelings - except those indirectly associated with childbirth. Women who displayed sexual tendencies were characterizedRead MorePregnancy And Childbirth, The 1800 s Vs. Now932 Words à |à 4 PagesRobin Yatesââ¬â¢s paper, ââ¬Å"Pregnancy and Childbirth, The 1800ââ¬â¢s vs. Now: What to Expect When Youââ¬â¢re Not Expecting,â⬠was filled with many clear points on the advancement of labor and medicine since the 1800s. This e ssay was filled with interesting and grabbing facts; however, the structure of the essay needs more support. The first sentence of this essay was grabbing, ââ¬Å"Blood everywhere, screaming and yelling, is this a battlefield?â⬠(Yates 1). It was an excellent choice to start this essay off with aRead MorePostpartum Depression : Post Partum Depression1599 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"Thinking of Ways to Harm Herâ⬠, in the fifth-century B.C. Hippocrates thought that a maternal-related delirium was the result of uterine fluid reaching the head following childbirth. This earliest misunderstanding of postpartum depression would only continue through the years as mothers who displayed symptoms were branded as witchcraft victims or witches themselves during the Middle Ages (Belluck, ââ¬Å"Thinking of Ways to Harm Herâ⬠). In the nineteenth-century the mental conditions ââ¬Å"puerperal insanityâ⬠Read MoreMartha Ballard s Diary Online1222 Words à |à 5 Pages Ballard, Martha (1785-1812). ââ¬Å"Martha Ballardââ¬â¢s Diary Online.â⬠Do History Archive. Martha Ballard, a famous Maine midwife, attended more than eight hundred births during her twenty-seven year tenure as sole midwife to her community. She journaled regularly over the course other adult life, yielding nearly ten thousand diary entries in total. This archive provides an unparalleled look into the role of the midwife in the delivery process. Additionally, several of Martha Ballardââ¬â¢s patients, especiallyRead MoreNatural Birth Versus Medicalized Birth1156 Words à |à 5 Pagesand medicalized birth as being .. However, medicalized births are becoming increasingly popular in the United States. The use of technology and medical interventions in the birthing process has increased despite the unchanged basic physiology of childbirth. One of the most common medical interventions in the birthing process is having a cesarean delivery. Despite the known risks of having a cesarean section performed, the rates of this procedure have increased much higher than the acceptab le rateRead MoreWomens Rights in Great Britain815 Words à |à 4 Pagesin active activity during the twentieth century. Womenââ¬â¢s rights had been in the making since the eighteenth century. Some of the earliest documented words for Womenââ¬â¢s rights appeared in a letter to John Adams by his wife Abigail Adams. During the making of the United States constitution (from the eighteenth to nineteenth century), she wrote to her husband and asked him to ââ¬Å"remember the ladiesâ⬠. The first state to permit women to vote in the United States (before the nineteenth amendment was drafted)Read MoreScarlet Fever Essay858 Words à |à 4 PagesScarlet fever is an infectious disease that has made itself prevalent throughout history. Many different countries have been affected by outbreaks of scarlet fever in the past. In the nineteenth century, scarlet fever was a serious epidemic, but with better hygiene and modern medicine, it is rare to see today. Scarlet fever is a bacterial infection that causes a red rash on the skin. It is caused by a toxin producing organism called Streptococcus pyogenes. This organism is rarely seen in wellRead MoreThe Practice Of Managing A Woman s Care1200 Words à |à 5 Pageswomanââ¬â¢s care both pre- and post-partum. A midwife may provide gynecological services as well as provide care for the baby immediately after childbirth. A midwife is responsible caring for and advising expecting mothers. Midwives help the mothers through vaginal births. Midwives have been present at childbirth throughout history. Up until the mid-nineteenth century women chose to have their babies delivered by midwives. Midwives served as a vital part of the community. By helping the sick, helping mothersRead MoreIn The Nineteenth Century, The Industrial Revolution Caused1043 Words à |à 5 PagesIn the nineteenth century, the industrial revolution caused a sharp differentiation between gender roles. Men and women were thought to have completely different roles. Men were seen as workers while women were seen as home-makers. Men and women were totally opposites each other. Marriage was seen as the only proper locale for sex, and women didnââ¬â¢t have any rights in their marriage lives. Birth controls were absent, and abortion was forbidden since 1800s. Sex within marriage usually meant frequent Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-90885599375710488112019-12-10T11:48:00.001-08:002019-12-10T11:48:04.550-08:00Value Curve Analysis of Emirates Sample for Students-Myassignment Question: Discuss about the Value Curve Analysis of Emirates. Answer: In the contemporary airlines industry, Emirates is one of the most popular for its customer service, product investment as well as innovation. The company has been long competed by several major airline companies such as Etihad Airways, Qatar Airways, Jet Airways as well as Air India Express (Dundon and Wilkinson 2014). In order to evaluate the current competitive nature as well as situation of the organization, the study is focused on conducting a Value Curve Analysis. The analysis has been conducted most important features for the airlines companies, which are in flight personal space, on board shower, in flight service, walk in or stand up bar, lighting, food quality, walk-from check-in to jet way, Wi-Fi, power at seat, entertainment, easy to use book in, check in, ticket price as well as rewards program. Figure 1: Value Curve Analysis of Emirate (Source: Lange et al. 2015) The analysis has been highly successful to reveal strategic knowledge on the current as well as future status of the Emirates business prospect. This knowledge is shared below: Emirates Strategies are compatible with Blue Ocean Strategy: In order to be successful in the contemporary high competitive market, any organization needs to maintain several attributes, which are focus divergence as well as a compelling tagline. The value curve has been able to reveal that the organization is focused on on-board customer service in an extreme manner. The organization has incorporated a competitive pricing strategy, which is capable of providing greater value to the services (Redpath et al. 2016). Figure 2: Cost Comparison between Emirate and its competitors (Source: Fageda et al. 2015) From the above-depicted pricing comparison, it can be easily observed that Emirates has been able to incorporate a very significantly competitive pricing structure. It has been also observed from the analysis the company has created a distinct divergence with the competitors concerning the provision of excellent on-board service. In addition to that, the company has significantly compelling tag line, Hallo Tomorrow. It represents the pleasure in waking up with Emirates to a fresh morning. In addition to that, Emirates uses a very simple organization structure for maintaining effective operation (Xu and Cui 2017). The organization chart of Emirates is depicted below: Figure 3: Organizational Chart of Emirate (Source: Kee 2015) Company is not caught in the Red Ocean: The value curve analysis has also been able to reveal that despite of aiming to provide utmost in-flight pleasure to the customers, the value curves of Emirates is largely distinct from the competitors value curve. The major reason that has been identified is effective oil partnership with the oil companies. Emirates has been able to attain the oil in a fixed price despite of dynamic nature of oil industry. This particular move has helped the organization to stay far ahead than its competitors. In addition to that, the company has largely invested so that it can attain long haul capabilities. In the year of 1997, the organization takes delivery of six Boeing 777-200s (Baxter and Bardell 2016). These long haul capabilities have further enhanced the organizations ability to offer cheaper price. Over delivery with Payback: The value curve analysis has been also quite effective to point out that Emirates deliver number of services well over the market trends and practices without any payback. For instance, the organization offers free Wi-Fi connectivity to its users. It has been noted that Emirates has continuously invested US$20 million every year to enhance the onboard Wi-Fi services. In addition to that, the organization is also focused on transforming all of its Boeing 777-200LRs and 777-300ERs Wi-Fi ready (Davahran and Yazdanifard 2014). It has been also observed that other competitors does not provide Wi-Fi services in such an extent. In fact, British Airways did not offer Wi-Fi services at all till recently. On the same note, value curve analysis also disclosed that Emirates has been focused on providing on board shower, while the competitors do not provide the service at all. These strategies effectively reflected in business growth of the company. According to the statistics, the organization h as grown 22% each year from its founding. It has been observed that organization has continuously enhanced its market share in a gradual fashion. Figure 4: Market Share of Emirate (Source: Gudmundsson 2015) Coherent Strategy: The value curve analysis effectively identified that the strategies of Emirates are highly relevant as well as coherent with respect to the continuous growth. Although, the value curve of Emirates has been depicted as slightly zigzag, it has not been due to the incoherence of company strategy. Rather it has been observed that the organization has been maintained the market trends and adopted its strategies effectively. It has been observed that the organization has maintained the strategies of book in, entertainment, power at seat. However, it has been failed to develop proper strategies for providing adequate lighting facilities to the customers. Mainly the organization has aimed to offer a luxurious on-board service way over the competitors reach, while maintaining the market trends for other services (Logothetis and Miyoshi 2016). Lack of Strategic Contradictions: The organization has another major advantage in the form of its lack of strategic contradictions. The organization continuously operated its business with the aim of providing most luxurious on-board service to the customers. In order to do that, the organizations offered numbers of on-board facilities to the customers. The most impressive facilities are in flight personal space, on-board shower, walk in or stand up bar as well as walk from check-in to jet way. As a result, UAE has observed a boom of international travellers. Emirate has noted to contribute more than 20% of UAEs GDP (Whyte and Lohmann 2015). At the same time, the organization has maintained other services to be satisfactory and up to the competitive level. Internally Driven Business approach: The value curve analysis of Emirate has been significantly helpful to disclose that the business approach of the organization is entirely internally driven. It has been observed that the market factors are unable to influence the business strategies of Emirate. The organization enhances and improves its service facilities according to its own business goal. As the organization has been aimed to provide most luxurious in-flight service to the customers, it has enhanced numbers of service facilities without considering the market standards (Morrison and Mason 2016). It has been observed that although in case of lots of facilities the rival companies are far behind; Emirate has been driven to enhance the service facilities so that they can provide maximum lavishness to the customer. The above analysis has been immensely helpful to provide a detailed understanding on the current as well as future status of Emirates business approach. The analysis has able to identify several areas that have to be considered in order to ensure continuous growth of the organization. The analysis has immensely helped to suggest several strategic steps, which would help to attain pinnacle of success. These recommendations are discussed below: Initiating Personalized Lighting System: The value curve analysis identified Emirate has been lagging behind of its competitors to provide effective lighting system in the flight. It has effectively reduced the brand image among the customers. It has been observed that the competitors are slightly ahead of Emirated in this context. Therefore, the organization must initiate a personalized lighting system to eradicate this particular issue. This system would enable the travellers to adjust their lighting power, colour as well as location according to their own convenience. This particular system would be able to create an enormous opportunity for the organization to progress on the road of being luxurious flight dominator. Convertible Seating Arrangement: The value curve analysis also indicates that Emirate has been falling behind from its competitors to provide adequate in flight personal space. In order to resolve the issue, the organization can initiate convertible seating arrangement within the flight. The convertible seating arrangement would be highly effective to convert the seating arrangement according to the choice of customer. This way the customer would be able to use their seats for various purposes. This particular system would be highly efficient to enhance the personal space of the customer. As a result, the company would experience a significant hike in their brand image. Installation of Entertainment Screen: The value curve analysis has been quite effective to point out that the Emirate is not focused to provide greater scope of entertainment to its current customers. It has been observed that the airline competitors also provide the same amount of entertainment to the customers. However, the any given flight contains multitude number of surface area in various places. The organization can use these surface areas as entertainment screen for the customers. It will provide a greater opportunity for Emirates to thwart the competition in a significant fashion. The organization would be able to make the trip most interesting and pleasurable for the customers. The initiation will also greatly serve the organization to attain its goal of being leading player in the luxurious flight service throughout the world. Reference Baxter, G. and Bardell, N., 2016, November. Some comments on the capabilities of the current generation of civil aircraft to satisfy the evolving strategy of airlines offering ultra-long-range passenger flights. InATRF 2016(pp. 1-15). Australasian Transport Research Forum. Davahran, D. and Yazdanifard, R., 2014. The Importance of Managing Customer Service, Safety Quality and Benchmarking of Airports and Airlines to Enhance the Performance and Customer Loyalty.Global Journal of Management And Business Research,14(4). Dundon, T. and Wilkinson, A.J., 2014.Case Studies in Global Management: Strategy, Innovation and People Management. Tilde Publishing and Distribution. Fageda, X., Suau-Sanchez, P. and Mason, K.J., 2015. The evolving low-cost business model: Network implications of fare bundling and connecting flights in Europe.Journal of Air Transport Management,42, pp.289-296. Gudmundsson, S.V., 2015. Limits to the low-cost niche? Finding sustainable strategies for low-cost long-haul airlines. Kee, W., 2015. Comparison of Shareholder value between Full-Service Airlines (FSAs) and Low-Cost Carriers (LCCs). Lange, K., Geppert, M., Saka?Helmhout, A. and Becker?Ritterspach, F., 2015. Changing Business Models and Employee Representation in the Airline Industry: A Comparison of British Airways and Deutsche Lufthansa.British Journal of Management,26(3), pp.388-407. Logothetis, M. and Miyoshi, C., 2016. Network performance and competitive impact of the single hubA case study on Turkish Airlines and Emirates.Journal of Air Transport Management. Morrison, W.G. and Mason, K., 2016. Low cost carriers in the Middle East and North Africa: Prospects and strategies.Research in Transportation Business Management,21, pp.54-67. Redpath, N., O'Connell, J.F. and Warnock-Smith, D., 2016. The strategic impact of airline group diversification: The cases of Emirates and Lufthansa.Journal of Air Transport Management. Whyte, R. and Lohmann, G., 2015. The carrier-within-a-carrier strategy: An analysis of Jetstar.Journal of Air Transport Management,42, pp.141-148. Xu, X. and Cui, Q., 2017. Evaluating airline energy efficiency: An integrated approach with Network Epsilon-based Measure and Network Slacks-based Measure.Energy,122, pp.274-286. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-22674605826246281812019-12-02T23:31:00.001-08:002019-12-02T23:31:03.755-08:00Rockwell`s Illustrations Essays - World War II, Four Freedoms Rockwell`s Illustrations In America, artists' works are not only shown in museums, they are often displayed on magazine covers. Norman Rockwell produced cover paintings for the Saturday Evening Post, a major magazine of the 1910's and for many decades later. In the process he became a nationally renowned artist. His precise detail brought him great popularity. "He created a moral myth in which people were reassured of their own essential goodness," art critic Arthur C Danto told Allison Adato of Life magazine. "And that is a very powerful thing." Film director Steven Spielberg remarked to Adato, "Growing up, we always subscribed to the Post. He saw an America of such pride and self-worth. My vision is very similar to his, for the most part because of him." When people use the expression "as American as apple pie" they could just as well say as American as a Norman Rockwell painting. Rockwell was born on February 3, 1894, in New York City. His father worked for the textile firm, starting as office boy and eventually moving up to manager of the New York Office. His parents were very religious and the young Rockwell was a choir boy. Until he was about ten years old the family spent its summers in the country, staying at farms. Rockwell recalled in his autobiography My Adventures as an Illustrator. " I have no bad memories of my summers in the country," and noted that his recollections" all together formed an image of sheer blissfulness." He believed that these summers "had a lot to do with what I painted later on." Rockwell enjoyed drawing at an early age and soon decided he wanted to be an artist. During his freshman year in high school, he also attended the Chase School on Saturdays to study art. Later that year he attended Chase twice a week. Halfway through his sophomore year, he quit high school and went full time to art school. Rockwell enrolled first in the National Academy School and then attended the Art Students League. Because he was so dedicated and solemn when working at his art, he related in his autobiography, he was nicknamed "The Deacon" by the other students. In his first class with a live model, the location of his easel was not the best. The nude young woman was lying on her side and all Rockwell could see was her feet and her rear end. So that is what he drew. Rockwell noted that, as Donald Walton wrote in his book A Rockwell Portrait, "He started his career in figure drawing form the bottom up." At the Art Students League, Rockwell had two teachers who had a significant influence on him: George Bridgeman, a teacher of draftsmanship, and Thomas Fogarty, a teacher of illustration. Besides their expert instruction, Walton wrote, they conveyed their "enthusiasm about illustration." While still at school, Fogarty sent Rockwell to a publisher, where he got a job illustrating a children's book. He next received an assignment from Boy's Life magazine. The editor liked his work and continued to give him illustration assignments. Eventually Rockwell was made art director of the magazine. He regularly illustrated various other children's magazines after that. "I really didn't have much trouble getting started," he remarked in his autobiography. "The kind of work I did seemed to be what magazines wanted." In March of 1916, Rockwell traveled to Philadelphia to attempt to see George Horace Lorimer, editor of the Saturday Evening Post, to show him some proposed cover paintings and sketches. It was his dream to do a Post cover. So he set out to sell Lorimer on his work. Since he did not have an appointment, the art editor came out and looked at his work, then showed it to Lorimer. The editor accepted Rockwell's two finished paintings for covers and also liked his three sketches for future covers. Rockwell had sold everything; his dream was not realized but exceeded. This was the start of a long-term relationship with the Post. His success with the Post made Rockwell more attractive to other major magazines and he began to sell paintings and drawings to Life, Judge, and Leslie's. Also in 1916 he married Irene O'Connor, a schoolteacher. In 1917, shortly after the United States entered World War I, Rockwell decided to join the navy. He was assigned to the camp newspaper, related Walton, and he was able to continue doing his paintings for the Post and other publications. When the war ended in 1918, Rockwell got an immediate discharge. After the war, besides Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-60549399037742295842019-11-27T08:25:00.001-08:002019-11-27T08:25:05.018-08:00humanism in the renaissance essayshumanism in the renaissance essays The renaissance started in the 14th century in cities of Northern Italy. During this time the social elite became more interested in the literature and ideas of ancient Greece and Rome. People started to reject some of the ideas and practices of medieval civilization and turned to the idea of humanism. Humanism was a new concern with people as powerful, creative individuals in a dynamic secular world. During the Renaissance humanistic attitudes and cultural productions consisted of; the rediscovery of classical sources, freedom of the individual, a new concern for the present instead of the life after death, and the new discovered pleasure of classical literature and books. Religion during the Renaissance was not at all forgotten and instead emphasis was placed on learning classical languages to improve translations of the Bible and studying classical literature for its relation to Christian ideals and life. In the early Renaissance, literary humanism and a movement to receive classical literature and the values expressed in classical writings, was central. The focus turned from people as religious beings, to include the problems of people and nature in the human world. People started to read his love Sonnets and other classical works that dealt with ideas other than religion. For example, Florentine Francesco Petrarch was well known for love sonnets and other classical translations. In one letter to a friend Petrarch defends humanistic learning and its accusations that it diverts people away from religion. Petrarch writes ...no one has been prevented by literature from following the path of holiness(6). By this statement Petrarch is saying that literature has never prevented people from learning or diverted people away from religion. Another way people rediscovered classical sources was through visual paintings. For example Raphaels painting The School of Athens, was a great t ribute to Greek philosoph... Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-22064078277151448632019-11-23T15:59:00.001-08:002019-11-23T15:59:03.894-08:00Entitlement Programs Their Role in the Federal BudgetEntitlement Programs Their Role in the Federal Budget The federal budget process divides federal spending into two areas: mandatory and discretionary. Discretionary spending is spending that is reviewed each year by Congress and is subject to annual decisions made during the appropriations process. Mandatory spending consists of entitlement programs (and a few smaller things). What is an entitlement program? It is a program that establishes certain eligibility criteria and anyone fitting that criteria may receive its benefits. Medicare and Social Security are the two largest entitlement programs. Anyone meeting the eligibility requirements may receive benefits from these two programs. The cost of entitlement programs is soaring as members of the Baby Boom generation retire. Many people say that the programs are on automatic pilot because it is extremely difficult to cut their cost. The only way that Congress can decrease the cost of such programs is to change the eligibility rules or the benefits that are included under the programs. Politically, Congress has not liked to change the eligibility rules and tell voters that they no longer can receive the benefits they once were entitled to receive. Yet entitlement programs are the most expensive portion of the federal budget and are a major factor in the national debt. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-43506569944948442222019-11-21T05:20:00.001-08:002019-11-21T05:20:06.339-08:00Association of christmas values with that of western and christian EssayAssociation of christmas values with that of western and christian people - Essay Example The essay that is structured is based on a case study with regards to the eve of Christmas and values associated with it.he prospect of advanced marketing in spreading of Christmas value outside western culture will be depicted in this essay. Over the years, celebration of Christmas Eve has evolved from one culture to the other. However, tradition has remained one common aspect in the Christmas celebration in every culture. The values of Christmas in western culture and among the Christians are enormous and are spreading all over the world. The essence of value spreading is primarily the beliefs but another essence is also present that has helped in this process. Shopping, over the years, has become an integral part of Christmas celebration. Along with peopleââ¬â¢s shopping, outlook of marketing for producers during the eve has also grown over the years. The essay will also deal with entrepreneurial endeavour of an entrepreneur who wants to create a Christmas market in Chinese tra dition where people are not much familiar with this trend (All about Popular Issues, 2011). Association of Christmas Values with that of Western and Christian People Christmas is taken to be at the peak of consumerism in the culture of western countries. The celebration of this occasion has evolved throughout the years and has become an occasion that encourages people to provide gifts to their loved and dear ones. The initiators in this occasion are specially children who requests gifts and their parents provide them gifts in the guise of Santa Claus. Involvement of family members is the most important feature in the Christmas occasion. In marketing sense, parents, by involving themselves in providing gifts actually involves themselves in giving brands. People hunts for gifts for their family members and their friends much earlier than the festive actually begins. In the present era, people eagerly look for innovative gift ideas that can best create happiness among their loved ones. Apart from general gifts such as chocolates, clothes, candles, showpieces and books, people also buy music pieces, electronic gadgets, custom jewellery and several other such things to gift their near ones. However, in the western culture, whether the Christmas gift is materially precious or not does not matter (Shuvalina, 2010). The feelings of the person providing the gift are perceived much more valuable than its price. Christmas has evolved as an occasion where sharing of feelings among family members takes place through the sharing of gifts. In the western culture, Christmas is said to be conventionally associated with the western culture and Christians but is also enjoyed by the non-Christians as well. Religious values and special prayers lighten up individualââ¬â¢s minds that reinforce their relationship with God. Apart from instigating spiritual beliefs, Christmas also perpetuates a bond among individuals and thus brings them closer. In the western culture especially, Ch ristmas is perceived as an ideal occasion that extends involvement of family relations and enlarges intangible aspects of theory of gift giving (Clarke, 2006). Shopping is a Key Part of Christmas Shopping has evolved as an essential part of Christmas as people nowadays, are more inclined towards buying gifts for their beloved ones. Instincts of the people to shop more have made the occasion a ââ¬Å"grand celebration of consumptionâ⬠. With the arrival of Christmas, season brings holiday mood for consumers and creates an increase in the pattern of consumption among the people. People exchanges gifts and enjoy through partying, thus increasing the consumption level. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-50982389339936738632019-11-20T02:55:00.001-08:002019-11-20T02:55:03.267-08:00The Case of Thomas Jackson Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsThe Case of Thomas Jackson - Assignment Example Constable Charles Peel stated, ââ¬Å"There were no signs of injury, the deceased did not smell of alcohol.â⬠The Officer also noted that there were no skid marks though it had been raining and the roads were still wet.Dennis Potts, aged 18, of 23 Beer Street in Old Town, stated that him and Thomas has spent the evening together at the Golden Dragon pool hall, where they had chatted with some girls. Thomas had a bit of a row with ââ¬Å"one of the babes,ââ¬â¢ and left on his own in a huff at about 11:30 PM. Dennis stated, ââ¬Å"He offered me a lift but I said no, he seemed a bit upset to tell you the truth.â⬠Potts also added ââ¬Å"I think he wanted to give this chic who he had the hots for a ride on the back of his bike but she went and made some sort of joke about his bike, because itââ¬â¢s only a 250 cc.â⬠When questioned by the Coroner Potts stated that from his experience Thomas was a good rider and did not normally take risks. Jane Wibbly knew Thomas slig htly and said she saw Thomas riding toward Long lane just before midnight. ââ¬Å"He seemed to be having some sort of trouble with his lights, his bike was wobbling about a bit, and then he increased speed and shot right out of sight.A Post-mortem exam showed that Thomas has died from a broken neck. It is unknown why Thomas was ejected from his bike, though wet conditions may have been a factor. The coroner stated ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m certain from the evidence that no one else was involved in the tragic circumstanceâ⬠. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-49002126157181147372019-11-17T15:25:00.001-08:002019-11-17T15:25:06.491-08:00Globalization and Local cultures Essay Example for Free Globalization and Local cultures Essay The present scenario represents a highly dynamic environment, where transnational advertising, globalization and local culture are found to be closely linked with each other. This essay discusses and critically evaluates some of the major issues that are involved in the relationship between transnational advertising, globalization and local culture. Issues Some of the significant issues that are linked with transnational advertising, globalization and local cultures are as follow: ? Communication: As a result of globalization, the need for transnational advertising in an effective manner has increased. Globalization has led to the proliferation of huge number of products and it is through advertising only that the consumer can be made aware of the uniqueness present in the product. Transnational advertising requires creativity along with the quality of being magnificent depending on the firm. Critical evaluation: The critical evaluation of the issue of communication depicts that advertising should be based on the proper research and well planned groundwork. Advertising should communicate a specific message to target audience in a persuasive and believable manner and also it should not hamper the cultural values of targeted audience and others (Fowles 1996). Globalization has prompted the evolution of advertising agencies, which conduct market research for the clients. Market research deals with the commercial adaptation of standard social science methods in a qualitative and quantitative manner, which should be interpreted in a realistic form. Production of advertisement should not be restricted to just as a business relation between the agency and client; rather its content and practices must be subjected to some self regulatory codes. For instance, cigarette advertising on TV and radio, magazines and newspaper is banned due to federal acts. On the other hand, lack of representation of people in the advertising of cigarette is the result of self- regulatory code (Sinclair 1991). ? Creating consumer: Advertisers usually focus on some repetitive themes such as contentment, youth, achievement, status, lavishness, fashion and attractiveness. As a result of this, Social Opposition and differences among the class get concealed and workplace conflicts are not revealed. Global campaigns propose that remedies for the human problems can be found in the individual consumption, which depicts a perfect channel for mass energies. Critical evaluation: Critical evaluation of the above paragraph states that Consumer democracy serves as a substitute for establishing political democracy. The transformation in the U. S. Pepsi ad campaign, for use in Brazil, which was ââ¬ËJoin the Pepsi Revolutionââ¬â¢ describes that numerous people are left with no other alternative for expressing their requirement for social modification. The only viable option includes changing the brands and enhancing their consumption. Globalization has caused an increase in the transnational advertising and it is one of significant reasons for the enlargement of transnational culture and collapse of traditional cultures. In French or English, the foreign lifestyles of a blond jetsetter are related with the Western products and resemble a sign of modernity. Not only this, they also believe that the elements, which are modern, are superior. On the other hand, traditional elements are absolutely unpleasant. Thus, it will not be wrong to say that transnational advertising and globalization strive towards the removal of local cultural variations. The strategy of global marketing is highly effective as it rarely requires conscious subversion. The message, which states that ââ¬Ëwe will sell you a cultureââ¬â¢, has greatly accounted in the global advertising campaign that acts as a particular advertising message utilized in all the countries. The reason behind an increase in preference of worldwide advertising is that it is extremely economical and more effective despite of the fact that it may wildly clash with the local environment (Stravens 1996). Virtue of respect: This is another major issue which represents relationship between transnational advertising, globalization and local cultures. The process of globalization involves principles and motivation of people. Therefore, it is necessary to make modifications in the global strategy and specific marketing concepts must be directed towards the identified groups. Critical evaluation: Critical evaluation of the above stated paragraph reveals that the virtue of respect can be protected from the infusion of foreign culture, if the government takes effective measures to make this fact clear that although they might have an global outlook, yet traditional values will also be given due consideration. The government of Singapore has done it effectively. Here, government formulated a list depicting good and bad aspects of the Asian and western values. This list assisted in the adoption of good systems from both the Asian and western values. In Singapore, it is very essential to understand the family for understanding the consumer behavior. This is so because family has a huge influence on making the decision related to the productââ¬â¢s purchasing and consumption (Stravens 1996). Economic management: In order to maintain a smooth relation between transnational advertising, globalization and local cultures, it is necessary to focus on the aspect of economic management. Values can play both the positive and negative role depending on the developmental stage of a country and extent of preference given to the Asian values. Not only this, international context is also very important. Critical evaluation: From the above paragraph, it is clear that in a world where goods and services move freely across the national boundaries, Asian values can become a part of liability if they do not understand the significance of transparency and accountability. For instance, Singapore is among the developing country that maintain a right blend between the Asian and western values. On the other hand, in South Korea, grouping of traditional and military cultures has led towards extreme dependence on enterprise system. As a result to this, issues like lack of transparency and failure in rationalizing the business structure have aroused (Sung-Joo 1999). Increase in the Decision makers: Globalization and transnational advertisement has brought about a revolution in the decision making capability. Not only this, it has also increased the number of decision makers in a family (Restall 1997). Critical evaluation: Globalization has led to formulation of developed means of technologies for advertising in an effective manner. In a survey, it was found that children in Australia have greater access over the television and computer. This reflects that marketers should give due response to the kids as they also play a significant role in decision making, especially in toys, games, fruit drinks and home PCs (Winton 1998). Not only this, globalization has reappeared as a rational projection of the digitalized revolution. Globalist theories are promoting the idea that people across the world can share widespread common culture (Watson 1997). The only aspect which an advisor should keep in mind that it should not hamper the local culture and must depict any vulgarity and sex. Dignity should be maintained while portraying a male or female in an advertisement. For instance, lee jeans (1987) depict two males and one female draped across bicycle. It is necessary to justify the extent of openness in such advertisements (Wernick 1994). Conclusion From the above detailed discussion, I would conclude with the note that a close relationship exists between the transnational advertising, globalization and local cultures. In order to make the process of globalization successful, it is necessary for the leaders of the globalization to practice the virtues of esteem for religious and cultural values and also surrender their economic self-centeredness for the betterment of the people enduring poverty. This serves as a challenge in front of the world leaders to pay attention to the dimensions linked with the religious and cultural aspects. Globalization portrays a culture of global mass, which is influenced by the contemporary means of cultural production such as Internet, movies, TV, advertising etc. Developing countries are required to understand the significance of globalization. A right blending of Asian and western values is required to gain the benefit of globalization. On the other hand, globalization and transnational advertising should not hamper the local culture, which can be done by effective formulation of rules and regulations by the government. References A. Wernick ââ¬Å"(Re-) Imaging Gender: The Case of Menâ⬠, from Promotuional Culture. London: Sage, 1994, pp. 48-66. ISBN 0803983913 B. Restall, ââ¬Å"ABreakthrough in the study of womenâ⬠, from Production of Culture/ Culture of Production, (ed) P. Du Gay, London: Sage, 1997, pp. 225-232. ISBN 0761954368 Felix Stravens, ââ¬Å"Advertising in Singaporeâ⬠, in Advertising in Asia, (ed) K. Frith, Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1996, pp. 273-291. ISBN Hang Sung-Joo, ââ¬Å" Asian Values: An Asset or a Liability? â⬠, in Changing Values in Asia, (ed) Han Sung-Joo, Singapore:Institute of Southeast Asia Studies, 1999, pp. 3-9. ISBN 9812300635 John Sinclair, ââ¬Å"Advertisingâ⬠in the media in Australia, 2nd edition, (ed) S. Cunningham and G. Turner. St Leonards. NSW: Allen and Unwin, 1991, pp. 267-276 ISBN 1863733434 Jib Fowles, ââ¬Å"Deciphering Adverstisementsâ⬠, from Advertising and PopularCulture, London: Sage, 1996, pp. 167-183. ISBN 0803954824 J. Watson, ââ¬Å"Transnationalism. Localization, and Fast Foods in East Asiaâ⬠, fromGolden Arches East: McDonaldââ¬â¢s in East Asia, (ed) J. Watson, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997, pp. 1-38. ISBN 0804732078 K. Winton, ââ¬Å"Pizza and tech talk but hold the veggiesâ⬠, Communications update, No. 147, September 1998, pp. 10-11. Noreene Janus 2007, ââ¬Å"Cloning the Consumer Cultureâ⬠, viewed 30 April Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867333271565177785.post-87979150751643469952019-11-15T03:57:00.001-08:002019-11-15T03:57:03.446-08:00Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Essay -- Visual Arts Paintings ArtHenri de Toulouse-Lautrec Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was arguably the greatest graphic artist of his time; he is best remembered for his bold, colourful posters of Parisian entertainers. His childhood years were spent at his family chateau in the southwest of France where he broke both of his legs and therefore stunted his growth. This left him ill proportioned and dwarfish. This unfortunate event probably helped his artistic ability as he spent most of his time on his own. Lautrec was at his peak as a painter and poster artist in the early 1890's at the time of the post impressionists. During his life Lautrec felt most comfortable in the nightclubs, dance halls and brothels of Paris. The narrow life he led is clearly shown in the art that he produced. Lautrec was best renowned for his paintings of the Moulin Rouge and other Parisian entertainers. Lautrec was not the first artist to make the Parisian entertainers serious subjects to paint, Edouard Manet and Edgar Degaswere among the first to paint the Paris nightlife and others soon followed their lead like Lautrec. Although Lautrec's many paintings looked spontaneous and carefree he as never "slapdash" as in he was never messy or careless. He was in fact a dedicated craftsman who knew a lot about the technical matters of his work, especially printmaking. Even after a rough night he would be up to supervise the printing of his lithographs bright and early. Lautrec always carried a small sketchbook with him so he could quickly draw or sketch whatever caught his attention and today thousands of his rapid drawings still survive in the original sketchbooks. He has also reached the elevated position of a dead artist where there is a museum dedicated to him and his work in Albi, France close to where he was born near Toulouse. In the actual paintings of his sketches he tried to keep the spontaneity of the first sketch and therefore liked to work quickly. To work fast he liked to use paint that was thinned considerably with turpentine, which was called peinture a l'essence, which allowed him to so called 'draw with the brush'. He also liked to use absorbent cardboard instead of canvas so the paint would dry quicker and therefore could maintain his momentum. Most painters have a trademark technique and Lautrec's trademark was the printmaking technique called 'crachis' or ... ...reas before this addition the painting must have been a restrained and balanced masterpiece. The unidentified redhead sitting at the table is wearing an exotic headdress that stands out magnificently against her red hair. If you look at each person they each have a distinctive hat or hairstyle as Lautrec was fascinated by different styles of headwear. The mirrored background that lines the walls gives the painting an undefined background so the silhouetted figures stand out boldly in the mirror. I liked this painting because it shows the somewhat quiet of the normally busy Moulin Rouge. The way Lautrec contrasted the brightly painted woman and the redhead at the forefront of the painting with the blacks and browns of the background also attracted me. I also admired the way Lautrec maintained the spontaneity all through his work. My favourite painting of the two that I have talked about is 'At the Moulin Rouge' because I think that this one looks more difficult to paint than 'At the Circus Fernando' as it is in greater detail and most importantly I think it looks better. But take nothing away from 'At the Circus Fernando' as this is also a brilliant piece of art. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0